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HangPC2 boleh tolong letakkan maklumat tentang Senjata Seperti Pedang mengikut Dinasti.?

HangPC2

Originally posted by akmala at 9-3-2007 04:53 AM
Wow, keren Bro. CUma bandwith ku tak habis buka gambar ni.  

ok saya sudah Resize gambar...

HangPC2

Chronology Table On 2500 years of Chinese Sword Technical Development

Note: For the article below ONLY, the terms are standardized as follows:
1) Swords refer to jian
2) Backswords refer to dao with no curvature, ie it is straight
3) Sabers refer to dao with curvature


Warring States And Qin Swords (Bronze Jian)

Late Spring and Autumn to Early Warring States (500BC - 350BC)

1) Non-laminated bronze swords are well developed at this time. Appearance of the earliest laminated bronze swords where they utilize bronze with higher tin content for the cutting edges and bronze with lower tin content for the spine. It results in a sword with harder cutting edges and a more flexible spine to absorb shock

2) Extensive use of copper sulphides as anti-corrosion coatings on the bronze swords

3) Earliest iron and steel swords also appear, made by the earliest and most basic forging and folding techniques

4) World's earliest book on alloys, "The Artificers' Record" is written, with an explicit statement on the percentage composition of the metals used in the Chinese bronze swords


Middle and Late Warring States (350BC - 221BC)

1) Steel swords get longer to 1 meter or slightly more, with longer handles for 2-handed use (though there are a few swords excavated that range from 1.2 to 1.4 meters)

2) Bronze swords also become longer to about 80 cm plus (earlier swords before have an average length of 60 cm and below)


Qin (221BC - 207BC)

1) Bronze swords become even longer, reaching over 90 cm in length and the handle is extended to be long enough for 2-handed use

2) Use of chromium oxide as a anti-corrosion protective coating on the bronze swords. This process originates way back from 700 BC. This invention was long lost for 2000 years before modern similar processes were developed during our era in 1937 and the 1950s by Germans and Americans respectively

3) The manufacture of steel swords that are 1 meter or longer is continued






















[ Last edited by  HangPC2 at 16-12-2007 05:47 PM ]

HangPC2

Han Swords (Bronze Jian)

Early to Middle Han (206BC - 0 AD)

1) Longer steel swords of length 1.2 meters or more are common

2) Introduction of bronze backswords, followed by steel backswords. Steel backswords are as long as their steel double-edge counterparts

3) Differential heat-treatment implemented on steel blades. This was to become a standardized process for the construction of Chinese blades for the next 2000 years

4) The prototype process of forging and folding sword blanks to improve the quality of the steel is further developed. This particular process of forging and folding the sword blanks was to be perfected by the Middle Han (known as the "refinings" process) to become a standardized process for later blades for almost 2000 years

5) The introduction of ring pommels on bronze and steel swords and backswords

6) Earliest introduction of the tunkou (metal collar at the forte), made of bronze or copper


Middle to Late Han ( 0 AD - 220AD)

1) Bronze swords and backswords, as well as steel swords are completely replaced by steel backswords

2) Forge-welding / lamination (using higher carbon steel for the cutting edge and lower carbon steels for the core or sandwich plates, depending on the design) introduced, a standardized process for later Chinese blades for almost 2000 years

3) Perfection of the forging and folding process resulting in blades being graded as thirty, fifty, and one hundred "refinings". The higher the number, the better the blade's quality. This is the "refinings" process mentioned earlier. It was also most likely transmitted to Korea

4) Earliest bronze and steel backswords exported to Korea and Japan

5) Use of white rayskin on the weapons' handle-grips introduced on Imperial Regulation blades


Early Three Kingdoms to Late Sui Dynasty (220 - 618)

1) Continued use of the highly advanced "refinings" process

2) Use of clay for differential heat-treatment introduced; we do not know specifically when --- it was invented sometime between 200BC - 500AD

3) The development of the ridged cross-section (known later to the Japanese as kiriha-zukuri and shinogi-zukuri) in the backswords, probably sometime between 100AD to 300AD.

4) Introduction of the Sassanian/Persian style suspension mounts on Chinese backswords

5) Probable introduction of Damascus wootz steel for use in swords from India or the Middle-East


























[ Last edited by  HangPC2 at 3-5-2007 09:15 AM ]

HangPC2

Sui-Tang Sword

Tang (618 - 907)

1) Swordmaking continues to progress in the Tang, maintaining the steady progress ever since the Han Dynasty

2) Use of ring pommels discontinued in the Middle Tang

3) Earliest use of disc-shaped guards to better protect the hand introduced in the Middle Tang

4) Mass importation of quality Chinese blades to Japan in the Middle Tang

5) Migration of Chinese and Korean swordsmiths to Japan where they transmitted their skills. Japanese smiths learn from these smiths the processes of:

a) forge-welding / laminated construction
b) ridged cross-sections (consisting of 2 variants known to the Japanese as kiriha-zukuri and shinogi-zukuri)
c) differential heat-treatment using clay
d) repeated forging and folding of sword blanks to enhance the quality of the steel ("refinings" process)

HangPC2

Song And Yuan Swords




Song (960 - 1279)

1) Technical quality of Chinese weapons reaches a new high under Emperor Shenzong, a continuation from the Tang. Multiple weapons quality assessment bureaus are setup. A manual on weapons manufacture and quality control, "Weapons' Laws and Methods" is compiled and distributed to the relevant government bodies

2) Under Emperor Shenzong, the horse-chopping backsword, or "zhanmadao", a heavy 2-handed backsword used by anti-cavalry infantry is introduced in 1072AD. (If Song dimensions are exactly the same as the Tang, this backsword should be slightly in excess of 1.2 meters) This weapon is stout and massive to chop through heavy armour and continued to be in use in the Ming and Qing dynasties

3) Use of ring pommels reintroduced

4) The importation of top quality, expensive and luxurious Japanese blades and Damascus wootz blades (from the Arab world??) to China as collectors' items, works of art

5) Near late Song and after, Mongols invade Japan twice, continental blades (ie Chinese, Korean and other makes) are perceived by the Japanese as stouter, compared to their own native blades, prompting them to forge blades with thicker backs and bigger points










Yuan (1279 - 1368)

1) The use of the Turko-Mongol saber is introduced into China, where it became the ancestor of the willow leaf and goosequill sabers (liuyedao and yanmaodao) of the Ming and Qing dynasties, used by civilians and military men alike

2) Use of rayskin to act as protective and decorative scabbard wrapping introduced



Turko Mongol Saber (Dao)










[ Last edited by  HangPC2 at 16-12-2007 06:01 PM ]

HangPC2

Ming And Qing Sword



Ming (1368 - 1644)

1) In early Ming, the process of making twist-core Damascus steel is transmitted to the Chinese sword-making world, most likely from Malaysia & Indonesia and the Southern Philippines (Mindanao).

2) Use of clay in differential heat-treatment is not as common as in the Tang, smiths seem to prefer the non-clay method

3) Mass importation of Japanese sabers to China in the early Ming.

4) Revival in the use of the ridged cross-section (a specific type known as shinogi-zukuri to the Japanese) in Chinese sabers, spurred by exposure to Japanese sabers used by the pirates.

5) By the middle-to-late Ming, technical quality of Chinese sabers made for northern border soldiers has been compromised by inferior workmanship, resulting in these sabers being of poor quality. General Qi Jiguang specifies higher standards to bring quality up.



Ming Dynasty General Qi Jiguang Sword (Dao)





Chang Dao (Long Dao)








Swordfighting Stances From The 1588 Edition Of Chinese General Qi Jiguang Books

Ji Xiao Xin Shu Chinese Originally Consisted Of 18 chapters. However a revised 14 chapter version actually more popular in China than the 18 chapter version for the past few centuries. In fact, it is known to exist in 6 different editions, more numerous than the original. The first 14 chapter edition was published in 1584. The remaining editions were published in 1592, 1604, 1644; there are also other Ming-era handwritten copies.




















Qing (1644 - 1911)

1) New achievements and progress in sword-making (and various types of handicraft such as works in wood, glass, metal, jade, porcelain etc) achieved under Emperor Qianlong, a great improvement compared to the decline in the Middle Ming

2) Under him, a most comprehensive document titled "Illustrated Regulations for the Ceremonial Paraphernalia of the Qing Dynasty" was compiled, and it records and standardizes various characteristics of the sabers worn by the various ranks of civil and military officials, amongst other things

3) A comprehensive document titled "Weapons Workmanship Standards" is compiled (probably around the same time as the above document) and stipulates the manufacture and quality control of Chinese sabers, polearms etc

4) Occasional use of the ridged cross-section seen on Qing period sabers

5) Appearance of the oxtail saber (niuweidao) in the late Qing, where it was used exclusively by civilians and not by the Qing military



Emperor Qianlong Sword









Royal Sword








Qing Imperial Sword















Qing Imperial Polearms









Qing Civilian Sword (Oxtail Saber @ Niuwei Dao)










[ Last edited by  HangPC2 at 16-12-2007 07:00 PM ]

HangPC2

Ancient-style costume, Olympic Games uniform?


By Yu Nan (chinadaily.com.cn)
Updated: 2007-04-06 19:07

The jointly online petition calls on making traditional Han-dynasty costumes the official uniform of the Chinese delegation during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.



Han costume or "Shenyi" designed for male is a full-length, one-piece robe which links the Yi and Chang together to wrap up the body. It is cut separately, but sewn together. Shenyi was named because when worn "the body is deeply wrapped up.[Xinhua]


"Our petition has been submitted to the Beijing Olympic Committee", initiator Fu Lujiang from an old-style Ming De private school at Hebei Province said yesterday. The proposal has been mainly imitated by a group of famous Chinese scholars, echoing with an army of domestic counterparts and netizens.

BOCOG today said they didn't receive any propose, but confirms Chinese elements will out of question be blended into the delegation uniform design.

The propose says that "China as the host in the worldwide Olympic Games is absolutely

necessary to demonstrate their unique centuries-old culture by dressing up ethical outfits and salute the old-style formality that will impress both domestic spectators and overseas guests.

Advocator: Chinese culture embodied

Large sized garment, bow and scrape, such a strand of traditional etiquette could lead back spectators to ancient periods.

The Han costume or "Shenyi" originated from Shang Dynasty (17th - 11th century BC), long serve d as the formal attire for Chinese people until the end of the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644).

"There exists a misunderstanding that much of who consider Han-style costume is namely the dress popular in Han dynasty", an undefined initiator said of their petition, "We just aim at evoking Chinese recollection of traditional culture."

It is not the latest instance of public tendency to revive the traditional culture via Han-style suits. It can be said the outfits is everywhere as the newly fad among the youth: civilian sacrifices, wedding ceremonies, musical instrument performances and even a Han costume-themed restaurant that makes debut in Beijing last year.

In such petition, titled "Marking Chinese consume our own voice and symbols at the upcoming Olympic Games" also highlights a propose brought forward by a China National People's Congress (NPC)member Ye Hongming at the recently-closed NPC annual session, that is, to nominate the Han-style dress as the 'Chinese national costume', hoping "Chinese people moves to demonstrate ethical charm".

Opponent: Profit-oriented



Han costume or "Shenyi" designed for the female is a full-length, one-piece robe which links the Yi and Chang together to wrap up the body. It is cut separately, but sewn together. Shenyi was named because when worn "the body is deeply wrapped up". [Xinhua]


But opponents look coldly on such high fever, and cast the oppugn on the addiction to the old-style attires, criticizing the eye-catching propose a trick by the name of Olympic Games but in fact a profit-making conduct.

A netizen Xiao Li said of Han costume is "nice as the uniform for Chinese athletes" during the Beijing Olympic Games opening and closing ceremonies while question whether the ancient-style outfits resemble the Kimono a little?

It is the growing concern not only shared by Xiao Li and his supporters, Japanese Kimono, Korean attires, Indian sari, when the neighboring countries combines their domestic lingering as well as distinguishing appeal; how does China, crested "King of clothes and hat" since ages ago, demonstrate their own unique image towards the world?

Experts: Reviving the tradition, or antiquated performance?

Cultural expert Wang Xudong thought rising fad on Han-style costume is no other than a classical culture renaissance, or namely a series of superficial "shows".

Traditional etiquette one side is too old to be revived completely; on the other, current etiquette culture, being absorb into exotic civilization and burgeoning internal elements, Zhang Yiwu, a well-known professor with Chinese literature department at Peking University said of current Han costume mania.

While most cultural scholars stress that if a style of costume is supposed to be named as national costume, it should be at first widely recognized by the whole country other than by authority.










[ Last edited by  HangPC2 at 6-6-2007 11:42 AM ]

HangPC2

Universiti Peking Tolak Jubah Graduan Gaya Barat


Universiti Peking,sebuah daripada universiti tertua di China dan sebuah institusi yang berprestij, sedang mencari rekaan tradisional China untuk menggantikan jubah graduan gaya Barat yang dipakai semasa upacara penyampaian ijazah.Universiti yang ditubuhkan pada 1898 itu minggu ini melancarkan satu pertandingan rekaan jubah yang terbuka kepada para pelajar dan kakitangan akademik universiti berkenaan dan rekaan yang disenarai pendek akan dipamerkan pada majlis konvokesyen tahun ini yang akan diadakan pada 3 Julai."Ia adalah satu inovasi kerana para pelajar daripada semua kolej di China pada hari ini semuanya menggunakan jubah gaya Barat yang sama.

Ia juga sebahagian daripada usaha kita untuk menggalakkan budaya dan tradisi diamalkan di kampus," LuPeng,seorang pegawai Liga Komuniti Belia di universiti itu dipetik sebagai berkata oleh akhbar China Daily.Jubah gaya Barat itu telah dipromosikan sebagai pakaian standard pada 1994. Bagaimanapun,pemakaiannya tidak diwajibkan.

"Kenapa perlu seorang pelajar China memakai jubah Barat semasa menerima ijazah mereka?" soal Sui Yue,seorang pelajar dan presiden Persatuan Kostum dan Kebudayaan untuk Komunikasi Universiti Peking.Beliau berkata para pelajar lebih suka untuk memakai "hanfu" pakaian tradisional kumpulan majoriti Han di China sebelum abad ke-17,yang mempunyai lengan yang lebar, jubah berlapis dan jalur kolar bersilang.  










[ Last edited by  HangPC2 at 16-12-2007 07:10 PM ]

HangPC2

Republic Of China (Kuomintang) Sword


Miao Dao @ Chang Dao (Long Sword)























Miao Dao, often referred to as Chang Dao prior to Republican Era. It was developed in the campaign against pirates (or ?? - WoKou) aka Japanese Pirate @ Japanese Bandits along the Chinese coastline border in Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644 AD).

Miao Dao, along with its martial art was less well known after as it is practice only within few martial art families.

During the war against Japanese invasion in Republican era (1912 - 1949 AD), Miao Dao is again utilised by the army. The name of "Miao Dao" was obtained during this period and the art has since opened to every martial art practitioner.



Da Dao

The 2-handed "Da Dao" was used by
Nationalist troops in the 1930s-40s as a close-quarters
weapon during planned ambushes on Japanese
soldiers in appropriate terrain such as tall grass
or paddy fields, and by artillery soldiers to
defend themselves when their lines are over-run by
the enemy. The Chinese Red Army was also similarly equipped.
The weapon was a direct descendent of the Ming Dynasty sword-polearms shown above.










Pictures From Left to Right:

first row:
1930s-40s Nationalist (Kuomintang) soldier with
the "Da Dao"

1920s Warlord soldier with the "Da Dao"
strapped behind his back but the
ring pommel handle is clearly seen

Nationalist Army No. 29 Corps soldier with his
weapon slung on his right shoulder

Modern day mainland Chinese practitioner of the "Da Dao"

second row:
Elite "Da Dao" squads of the Nationalist Army
No. 29 Corps with their weapons drawn,
ready for a close-quarters showdown with
the Japanese Army. Note that there are
more men of the same unit down the
row with their weapons drawn as well.

Soldier of the Nationalist Army No. 29 Corps
taking aim with his rifle and with his
"Da Dao" slung behind his back, at the
Marco Polo Bridge in Beijing in 1937,
just before the onset of the Sino-Japanese War
(1937-1945).

third row:
An original standard issue Nationalist Army
"Da Dao" with its leather scabbard, with a handle vs blade
ratio of 1:1. Note the Nationalist Party
symbol on the scabbard near the
scabbard mouth. The 4 Chinese characters on
the blade state: "Destroy the Communists and
Resist the Japanese".


Kuomintang (KMT) Military Sword










Credit

http://www.viewimages.com

http://www.zhengwutang.com/

http://thomaschen.freewebspace.com/contact.html

HangPC2

Qipao semakin dilupakan




Oleh SUBASHINI RAJANDRA



Pada abad ke-17, zaman Dinasti Qing, baju labuh dari paras leher hingga ke buku lali ini merupakan busana tradisional yang cukup tinggi martabatnya. Namun pada hari ini ia kurang menarik perhatian masyarakat Cina sama ada untuk menggayakan atau memilikinya, mengapa?






REKAAN ceongsam diberi nafas baru dengan elemen-elemen moden dan kontemporari yang sesuai dengan cita rasa orang muda.



DIANGKAT sebagai antara fesyen pakaian yang terulung sejak zaman berzaman, populariti ceongsam seakan merudum pada alaf baru ini. Daripada 10 orang yang ditemui secara rambang, hanya seorang atau dua saja yang memiliki ceongsam. Rata-rata masyarakat Cina pada hari ini berpendapat, pakaian tradisional ini hanya sesuai digayakan jika seseorang memiliki bentuk tubuh yang langsing. Ada juga yang menyatakan, antara faktor mengapa ia tidak menjadi pilihan ialah harganya.

Namun, ceongsam mempunyai sisi yang berbeza kepada pelancong asing. Kosnya yang tinggi atau susuk tubuh yang langsing bukanlah perkara pokok untuk memiliki busana istimewa yang begitu popular sejak Dinasti Qing di China pada abad ke-17.

Dahulu, ceongsam mendapat kedudukan strata yang tinggi dalam masyarakat Cina. Malah, selepas tiga abad, pengaruh ceongsam masih kekal. Melalui evolusi yang dramatik, ceongsam dijahit mengikut ukuran badan seseorang.

"Mungkin ada silapnya di kalangan generasi lama kerana kita tidak mengambil tahu trend dan cita rasa golongan muda," ujar Jimmy Khoo, yang merupakan pengasas butik Chinatown Classic dan Bendahari Persatuan Perniagaan Chinatown di Singapura.

Ceongsam atau juga dikenali sebagai qipao dalam bahasa Cina merupakan satu helaian baju labuh yang dikenakan secara memanjang dari paras leher hinggalah ke buku lali.

Ia menutup sebahagian besar badan mendedahkan kepala, tangan dan jari kaki. Ceongsam labuh ini tidak lain tidak bukan untuk mengurangkan penekanan kepada bentuk tubuh, tanpa mengira peringkat umur.


Bagaimanapun, sebelum berakhirnya Dinasti Qing, ceongsam menyaksikan perkembangan dari segi potongan yang lebih menampakkan tubuh wanita yang ramping dan mencerminkan ciri-ciri moden.

Apabila dunia fesyen Barat berubah, ceongsam turut tidak ketinggalan bertukar wajah. Rekaan busana anggun ini berkolar tinggi tanpa lengan dan terdapat penggunaan renda di hujung kain.

Konsep ini turut terbawa-bawa di butik Chinatown. Meskipun masih mengekalkan tradisi ceongsam asli, namun Jimmy tetap memperkenalkan ceongsam singkat yang dihiasi corak bunga-bungaan kecil, menggantikan gambar naga dan burung phoenix.

"Setiap tahun, saya menghantar kumpulan pereka saya ke Shanghai, China untuk mengkaji dan memahami trend ceongsam sebelum mengalihkan perhatian ke Hong Kong dan Singapura. Perbandingan ini penting untuk mendapat gambaran sebenar bagi menghasilkan keluaran yang sesuai dengan cita rasa tempatan terutamanya bagi menarik golongan remaja," jelas Jimmy yang mempunyai kilang pembuatan kostum ini di China.

Apakah faktor lain yang menyebnabkan ceongsam semakin terpinggir? Sejarah komunis yang cuba menguasai Tanah Melayu pada sekitar tahun 1940-an dipercayai ada hubung kaitnya. Kekejaman mereka bukan sekadar seksaan dalam bentuk fizikal, malah melibatkan pakaian.

Seakan-akan seperti sehelai kemeja berlengan panjang atau jaket, pakaian rasmi komunis di bawah kepimpinan Mao Tse Tung dilaksanakan ke atas kedua-dua jantina. Wanita Cina pada masa itu dilarang memakai pakaian dalam, tidak dibenarkan berambut panjang dan bersolek, ujarJimmy.

"Keadaan ini berlanjutan selama berpuluh tahun lalu meninggalkan kesan."

Keluhan berhubung harga ceongsam yang mahal, ada kebenarannya. Tinjauan penulis ke beberapa buah kedai yang menjual ceongsam dan pakaian tradisional masyarakat Cina ini mendapati, harga sehelai ceongsam mencecah hingga ratusan ringgit.

Pembuatan ceongsam di luar negara dan penggunaan fabrik yang mahal seperti sutera, satin, broked dan sebagainya juga sedikit sebanyak menyumbang kepada kurangnya rasa minat masyarakat Cina terhadap kostum ini.

Ada yang dijual sehingga mencecah ribuan ringgit, khususnya untuk set pasangan pengantin. Ramai di kalangan orang muda pada zaman ini memilih untuk menggayakan gaun moden semasa melangsungkan perkahwinan. "Tindakan ini sedikit sebanyak menyinggung perasaan warga emas apabila melihat orang muda tidak menunjukkan rasa hormat semasa upacara teh."

"Ceongsam dan samfu yang dipakai oleh pasangan pengantin membawa banyak maksud. Ia membawa tuah atau ong apabila ada corak naga, burung phoenix dan karakter Cina lain," tambah Jimmy.

Pengurus sebuah kedai menjual ceongsam di Pasar Seni, Kuala Lumpur, Loh Tim Kee, bersetuju harga ceongsam mungkin mahal tetapi ia tidak menghalang masyarakat Cina mahupun pelancong asing datang membeli.

"Pelanggan saya terdiri daripada pelancong dari Eropah, Indonesia, Hong Kong dan orang Cina tempatan."

"Kita jual pada harga yang berpatutan iaitu antara RM170 hingga RM300. Ia boleh dipakai ke majlis-majlis formal," ujar Loh yang mewarisi bisnes keluarganya itu sejak tahun 1888.

"Masyarakat Cina juga beli, cuma kita jarang lihat mereka pakai kecuali pada musim Tahun Baru Cina dan majlis-majlis istimewa."





CORAK naga yang lazimnya terdapat pada ceongsam.


Pada tahun 1950-an, pekerja wanita di Hong Kong memakai ceongsam ke tempat kerja tetapi keranaa pergerakan yang terhad, mereka memakai pakaian tradisional ini ke majlis-majlis sahaja. Ceongsam juga digemari oleh para penganjur acara ratu cantik. Malah, ia juga menjadi pakaian seragam di restoran-restoran Cina dan syarikat-syarikat penerbangan seperti Syarikat Penerbangan China, Syarikat Penerbangan Hainan dan Syarikat Penerbangan Xiamen.

Beberapa buah sekolah yang dibuka oleh mubaligh Kristian di Hong Kong juga masih lagi mengamalkan peraturan memakai ceongsam sebagai pakaian seragam untuk anak-anak murid. Antaranya ialah True Light Girls College, St. Paul Co-educational College, Heep Yunn, Ying Wa dan Sekolah St. Stephen Girls.

Bagi memudahkan pemakaiannya ke pejabat atau tampil santai, ceongsam pendek dihasilkan supaya dapat dipadankan dengan seluar panjang atau jean. Kasual dan mampu dibeli, Loh mempelbagaikan rekaan ceongsam untuk kanak-kanak hinggalah orang dewasa.

Sementara itu, Jimmy yang turut menerima kunjungan kerabat diraja di butik keduanya di Pavilion selepas pembukaan Mid Valley Megamall, melihat cita rasa tahun ini tidak berbeza berbanding tahun lalu. Masih lagi kekal dengan jahitan manik, labuci, corak burung dan karakter Cina, Sukan Olimpik yang bakal berlangsung pada bulan Ogos ini, beliau percaya dapat menambat hati lebih ramai penggemar ceongsam dari seluruh pelosok dunia.

"Saya yakin kerajaan China akan mempromosi dan meminta wakil-wakil negara untuk memakai pakaian tradisional China iaitu ceongsam semasa menghadiri sukan yang berprestij itu," ungkap Jimmy yang memberi contoh 20 ketua negara yang menghadiri Kerjasama Ekonomi Asia Pasifik (APEC) pada tahun 2001, segak memakai pakaian tradisional China sebagai tanda hormat.

"Saya pasti akan berlaku lonjakan yang positif," ujar Jimmy yang lengkap berpakaian samfu hijau dan topi Cina bertocang.

Sementara itu, Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam dan Aduan Persatuan Cina Malaysia (MCA), menyampaikan sokongan pada Tahun Tikus ini dengan menggalakkan kakitangan wanita memakai ceongsam. Malah, ketua pertubuhan terbabit, Datuk Michael Chong, turut menyarung samfu merah pekat.

"Kita tidak boleh sebarangan membeli samfu. Yang mempunyai corak harimau tidak sesuai digayakan pada Tahun Baru Cina dan begitu juga dengan corak ikan dan haiwan lain. Lebih baik pakai gambar naga," katanya yang menggalakkan anak-anak memakai ceongsam dan samfu bagi memartabat lambang tradisi kaum Cina.

Di pejabatnya di Wisma MCA, Kuala Lumpur, beberapa orang setiausaha beliau memberi pos istimewa di hadapan lensa kamera dalam persalinan ceongsam moden.

Sambil menghiasi pejabat dengan kad Tahun Baru Cina, angpau dan biskut raya, jabatan ini sememangnya tidak mengambil ringan soal tradisi sebagaimana mereka memberi tumpuan pada kes atau aduan daripada orang awam.


- Kosmo -

HangPC2

Roman descendants found in China?



By Richard Spencer in Liqian, north-west China

Last Updated: 12:36am GMT 04/02/2007



Residents of a remote Chinese village are hoping that DNA tests will prove one of history's most unlikely legends

HangPC2

Mysteries Of Asia - Secrets Of Great Wall





Part 1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dTY7yJ7JWFU




Part 2

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5luayj2oaTA





Part 3

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xX5EwCcL8-0





Part 4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSSz2qE8MjI





Part 5

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L78BecrH4GQ





Part 6

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DC7pt-KAtR0






Part 7

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfvpA0X8lE0






Part 8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dqd8pviGbfY






Part 9

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKY48GlRlCc






Part 10

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMRX1aNkVow






Part 11

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3geF-lzk7TY






Part 12

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6y4jcdWaoY






Part 13

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0gKpLLASLU






Part 14

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leYYqjW0ijA







Part 15

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7lFOZ02t3_M

H猷L鰃頧

The best and most comprehensive on World of China in cari forum .
China sekarang didokong komunis, jika era dinasti masih diturun & kekal ia suatu pengimbang kepada kuasa barat.

herrhughie

China modern sedang menuju kpd kapitalisme. Cabaran besar pd ekonomi dan soal sosiol dlm negara sendiri
china masih ada peluang mengimbang kuasa barat lagi

HangPC2

History Of Chinese Long Sword

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUiDGat-6rM

jkkkj

Orang Cina dengan orang Manchu...adakah diorang ni dari satu rumpun yang sama?

herrhughie

Kalau x silap sy, tak sama

ijad_adiputera

Originally posted by jkkkj at 2-3-2008 08:54 PM
Orang Cina dengan orang Manchu...adakah diorang ni dari satu rumpun yang sama?

Tak sama...
Orang Cina ialah kaum Han...
Sama seperti orang Cina yang kita lihat di Malaysia skrg nih..

Orang Manchu ialah orang Monggol, berasal dari utara China...
Bilangan mereka tak ramai di negara China tapi mereka pernah menguasai negara China melalui penaklukan Dinasti Ming dan penubuhan Dinasti Qing...

Bilangan mereka semakin mengecil sebab ramai yang telah berasimilasi dengan kaum Han / Cina...
Bahasa Manchu pun dah hampir pupus...

herrhughie

Ya. X silap sy mongul adalah puak yg mahir dan termasyhur dlm teknik menunggang kudu dan perang. Kononnya mereka keturunan viking...
Dinasti ming yg mereka tubuhkan juga merupakan dinasti kuat buat jangka agak panjang..agak lepas 'zaman negara2 perang' kot..
China terdiri dpd byk bangsa, 100 lebih..antaranya han dr zhong yuan 'tanah tengah' china yg menonjolkan kebudayaan dan teknology yg lebih kuat, yg akhirnya menjadi suatu diikuti di majority tempat china