"Lusitania» (RMS Lusitania) - British passenger liner owned by (and the same type of ship, "Mauritania") company Cunard Line (Rus "Cunard Line", the full English name of the Cunard Steamship Line Shipping Company). Torpedoed by German submarine U-20 May 7, 1915. The vessel sank in 18 minutes, 13 km from the coast of Ireland. Died 1198 of 1959 people were at the board. Drowning "Lusitania" public sentiment in many countries against Germany and helped to join the U.S. in World War two years later.
The "Lusitania" was developed by the designer of "Cunard Line" Leonard Peskettom. Peskett built a large model of the proposed courts in 1902, demonstrating trehtrubny project. The fourth tube was added to the project in 1904 to display the additional emissions from the boilers. Before the widespread use of turbine propulsion system on board, "Cunard Line" a smaller version of the turbine installed on his boat "pockets" in 1905 in order to verify the feasibility of using this technology.
On the construction of "Louisiana"
Keel "Lusitania" was built at the shipyard, "John Brown and K °» in Clydebank at No. 367 June 16, 1904.
It was launched and christened Mary, Lady Inverclyde, June 7, 1906.
RMS "Lusitania" before launching June 7, 1906.
Descent "Lusitania" on the water
On July 27, 1907 started the preliminary and formal tests of "Lusitania." Engineers shipbuilders and representatives of the "Cunard Line" found that high speed caused severe vibration in the body, so I had to make a hardening of the body. After these modifications the ship was transferred to "Cunard Line" a year later, on August 26.
"Lusitania" departed from the harbor wall in Liverpool September 7, 1907 Saturday, under the command of Commodore James Watt. The ship arrived in New York September 13 on Friday.
"Lusitania" arrives in New York on its maiden voyage. 1907
At that time it was the largest ocean liner in the world and should remain so through to commissioning, "Mauritania" in November of that year. During his eight years of service, "Lusitania" made a total of 202 flights across the Atlantic through the Liverpool - New York City.
Dining Salon "Lusitania"
In October 1907, "Lusitania" won the "Blue Ribbon Atlantic", selecting it from the German ship "Kaiser Wilhelm II». "Lusitania" was at an average speed of 23.99 knots (44.43 km / h), going to the west, and 23.61 knots (43.73 km / h) - to the east.
With the introduction of ekpluatatsiyu "Mauritania" in November 1907, the "Lusitania" and "Mauritania" repeatedly took away from each other, "Blue Ribbon Atlantic." "Lusitania" has made its most rapid traveling west at an average speed of 25.85 knots (47.87 km / h) in 1909. In September of that year, she always yielded "Blue Ribbon Atlantic", "Mauritania", which set a record at 26.06 knots. This record was surpassed only in 1929.
The restaurant on the deck of the first class
Construction of the "Lusitania" and operating costs were subsidized by the British government, on condition that the ship, if necessary, could be transformed into an armed auxiliary cruiser. When the First World War, the Admiralty requisitioned it counted as an armed auxiliary cruiser (IHC), and the "Lusitania" was included in the official list of the IHC. But then these great liners were found to be unsuitable for use as an armed auxiliary cruiser due to the large consumption of coal. However, the "Lusitania" left in the official list of the IHC and was listed as an auxiliary cruiser.
Lusitania, a bedroom 1st class.
Many of the larger ships were used as troop transports or as a hospital vessel. "Mauritania" became a troop transport, while the "Lusitania," worked on "Cunard Line" as a luxury liner, carrying people from the UK to the U.S. and back. The new "Aquitaine" was converted into a hospital ship as "Olympic", "White Star" and "Mauritania" threw the troops into the Mediterranean Sea.
"Lusitania"
However, the "Cunard Line" is still drawn the attention of the Admiralty, stating that the "Lusitania" can be requisitioned at any time, if hostilities escalate. In order to reduce operating costs for crossing the Atlantic to the "Lusitania" was reduced monthly flights and four sealed boiler. Top speed was now reduced to 21 knots (39 km / h). But even in this mode of operation "Lusitania" was the fastest commercial passenger liner in the North Atlantic and at 10 knots (19 km / h) faster than any submarine. However, the "Lusitania" was subjected to many changes:
was drawn in the name of the vessel,
on the roof of the bridge has been added to the platform compass
pipe "Lusitania" was painted in black instead of color, "Cunard Line"
between the first and second tube was added to the second platform compass
on the aft cabin was equipped with two additional baggage crane
during his last trip, it did not raise any flags.
David Dow, captain, "Lusitania" .1915
April 17, 1915 "Lusitania" left Liverpool and went to her 201st transatlantic voyage, arriving in New York April 24 of that year. Group of German-Americans, hoping to avoid a debate about whether the "Lusitania" attacked by German submarines, and shared his concern with the German Embassy in the U.S.. The German Embassy in the U.S. has decided to warn passengers before their next flight, so they do not sailed on the "Lusitania." Imperial German Embassy warning printed in fifty American newspapers, including New York.
"Lusitania" left the pier number 54 in New York at noon on Saturday, May 1, 1915.
May 5 and 6 U-20 sank three ships and the Royal Navy sent out to all British ships a warning: "Submarines active off the south coast of Ireland." Captain Turner May 6 twice received the message and took all precautions have been closed watertight doors, all windows battened down, doubled the number of observers, all the boats were uncovered, and dumped overboard to accelerate the evacuation of passengers in case of danger.
On Friday, May 7 at 11:00 AM Admiralty transferred to another post, and Turner adjusted rate. Perhaps he thought that the submarine should be on the high seas, and are not suitable from the shore, and the "Lusitania" will be protected by the proximity to land.
At 13:00 one of the sailors of the German submarine U-20 saw a large front chetyrehtrubnoe ship. He told Captain Walter Shvigeru that chetyrehtrubny noticed a large ship going at a speed of about 18 knots. In the boat was a little fuel and only one shot, the captain was about to return to base, as seen on the boat, the ship turns slowly to the starboard boat.
Lusitania "was about 30 miles (48 km) off the Irish coast, when she came into the fog and reduced speed to 18 knots. She walked to the port of Queenstown - now Cobh - Ireland, which had up to 43 miles (70 km) path.
At 14:10 lookout noticed the approaching torpedo on the starboard side. A moment later a torpedo hit the starboard side under the bridge. The explosion threw debris steel column cladding, and water up, then followed by a second, more powerful explosion, which is due to the "Lusitania" began to lurch heavily to starboard.
In the picture the way the reconstruction of a torpedo from the words of an eyewitness.
Radio Operator "Lusitania" nonstop sent a distress signal. Captain Turner ordered to leave the ship. Water flooded the longitudinal sections of the starboard side, causing a 15-degree list to starboard. The captain tried to deploy the "Lusitania" to the Irish coast, hoping to put him ashore, but the ship is not helm, as the torpedo explosion interrupted the steam line steering. Meanwhile, the ship continued to move at a speed of 18 knots, making the water more quickly came inside. |