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Reply #100 lin_okinawa's post
yup, lin betul!
contoh kalau tak tau apa itu 'kaban', buleh cakap 'kaban wa nan desu ka?' |
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Originally posted by sh|nobu at 12-9-2007 01:44 PM 
benkyo! benkyo!
apa maksud benkyo?? |
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arigatou lin-san arigatou whitedove-san! |
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Reply #104 sh|nobu's post
dou itashima$hite!  |
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benkyo, ejaan btolnye = benkyou....extension u |
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a'ah, o yang ada sengkang kat atas nye.. |
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lin mana notes lagi...nak blajar ni...
kino atarashii hon o moraima$hita! yatta! |
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Reply #108 sh|nobu's post
mmm memandangkn aku kt ofis..jd aku cilok notes dr tenet jela yeh
aku tgh carik notes...jap yer |
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Revision 1
Particles / Joshi
particles atau joshi ni probably one of the most confusing & difficult aspects of jpnese sentences....dlm bebyk particles, besenye owang akan konpius ngan penggunaan "wa" ngan "ga".....
cam yg aku terangkn dlm lesson yg sblm ni, pasal Topic Marker dan jugak Subject Marker.....roughly speaking, "wa" is a topic marker dan "ga" is a subject marker....the topic is often the same as the subject, but not necessary
the topic can be anything that a speaker wants to talk about...(it can be an object, location etc)
contohnye, "Watashi wa gakusei desu" (I'm a student)....topik dlm ayat ni adalah "Watashi" ( I )....contoh kedue, "Nihongo wa omoshiroi desu" (Japanese is interesting)...dlm ayat ni plak, topik die adalah "Nihongo" (Japanese)
Basic Differences Between "Ga" and "Wa"
"wa" is used to mark something that has already been introduced into the conversation, kire mende yg kite nk ckp tu familiar pd both speaker n listener....
"ga" plak digunekn when a situation is just noticed or newly introduced la kirenye....
contohnye, "Mukashi mukashi, ojiisan ga sunde ima$hita. Ojiisan wa totemo shinsetsu de$hita" (Once upon a time, there lived an old man. He was very kind)....
nmpk tak ayat mane yg newly introduced ngan ayat mane yg mmg dh diketahui topik nye..???
dlm sentence yg pertame, "ojiisan" is introduced for the first time...yg tu adalah subjek, bkn topik....
manakala ayat kedue plak describes about "ojiisan" that is previously mentioned...dan skang ni "ojiisan" dh jd topik, and is marked with "wa" instead of "ga".....
tu baru perbezaan yg pertame antare "wa" and "ga"....jap lg aku tepek lg perbezaan yg kedue dan seterusnye supaye kowang tau bile dan ayat yg bagaimana perlu gune "wa" dan jugak "ga" |
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sambung...
"Wa" As Contrast
besides being a topic marker, "wa" digunekn utk show contrast atau emphasize the subject...
contohnye, "Biiru wa nomimasu ga, wain wa nomimasen" (I drink beer, but I dont drink wine).....
mende yg dikontras kn may or may not be stated....but with this usage, kite bleh tau ape yg dikontras kan
dlm contoh ni, "ga" ni maksud cm "tapi" la...lebey pd berbentuk "formal"...."ii n desu ga, bla bla bla" (boleh, tapi bla bla bla) gtula lebey kurang.....maknenye "ga" ni bkn setakat subject marker, tp jugak sbg digunekn sbg PENYAMBUNG utk ayat yg menunjukkan kontras.....dan "wa" plak bkn saje gune utk topik marker, tp utk MENUNJUKKAN KONTRAS.... |
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sambung...contoh kedue lagik
particles such as "ni（に）," "de（で）," "kara（から）" and "made（まで）" can be combined with "wa" (double particles) to show contrast....
"Osaka ni wa ikima$hita ga, Kyoto ni wa ikimasen de$hita" (I went to Osaka,
but I didn't go to Kyoto)....
dlm ayat ni ade 3 particles...particles "ni", "wa", ngan "ga"...."ni" ade sbb di tgh ckp psl tmpt, (dekat osaka@kyoto / di osaka@kyoto / ke osaka@kyoto)....abaikn "ni" sbb aku cume akan terangkn psl "wa" and "ga" aje....
die nk nunjukkan yg die tk pegi ke kyoto tp pegi ke osaka...cm nk bandingkn mane satu pegi mane satu tk pegi....jd gune "ga" utk jd penyambung ayat dan gunekn "wa" utk show contrast.....tetapi, whether "wa" indicates a topic or a contrast, it depends on the context or the intonation...."osaka ni" ngan "kyoto ni" tu bleh jd topik dan dlm mase yg same nunjukkan ayat tu adalah ayat kontra
[ Last edited by lin_okinawa at 13-9-2007 02:35 PM ] |
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sambung...
"Ga" With Question Words
when a question word such as "who" and "what" is the subject of a sentence, it is always followed by "ga", never by "wa".... to answer the question, it also has to be followed by "ga".....
contohnye, "Dare ga kimasu ka" (Who is coming?)......jwpn : "Yoko ga kimasu" (Yoko is coming).....
kalo nk tanye "Kono hito wa dare desu ka" (Who is this person?)...jwpn : "Kono hito wa..." (This person is...)....yg ni die gune "wa" instead of "ga" sbb question word "dare" (who) bkn subjek dlm ayat ni....maksudnye "dare" tu tkde kt dpn...jd sbb tula kite gune wa....kalo question word die duk kt dpn n subjek utk sesuatu ayat tu, then baru bleh gune "ga"....cam contoh yg aku kasik td tula |
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sambung...
"Ga" as Emphasis
"Ga" is used for emphasis, to distinguish a person or thing from all others....compare these sentences :
1. "Taro wa gakkou ni ikima$hita" (Taro went to school)
2. "Taro ga gakkou ni ikima$hita" (Taro is the one who went to school) |
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sambung...
"Ga" in a Special Circumstance
the object of the sentence is usually marked by the particle "o," but some verbs and adjectives (expressing like/dislike, desire, potential, necessity, fear, envy etc.) take "ga" instead of "wo"....kirenye, "action" gune "wo"....kalo "perasaan, kehendak etc" gune "ga".....
contohnye, "Kuruma ga hoshii desu" (I want a car)....
"Nihongo ga wakarimasu" (I understand Japanese)....
"Anata ga suki desu" (I like u)....
"Ga" in Subordinate Clauses
the subject of a subordinate clause normally takes "ga" to show that the subjects of the subordinate and main clauses are different....
contohnye, "Watashi wa Mika ga kekkon $hita koto o shiranakatta" (I didn't know that Mika got married)...
dlm ayat tu "Watashi" ialah subjek utk main clause...dan "Mika" plak subjek utk subordinate clause....
satu lagik contoh...."Watashi wa Nihongo ga wakarimasen" (I dont understand Japanese).....topik psl kite, tp perkare yg kite nk beritahu atau yg kite nk introduce ialah psl "nihongo"...sbb tu kite gune "watashi" "wa"....dan "nihongo" "ga" |
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sambung...
Review
Now let's review the rules about "wa" and "ga."
wa (は )
* Topic marker
* Contrast
ga (が )
* Subject marker
* With question words
* Emphasize
* Instead of "o"
* In subordinate clauses |
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Additional Notes on "wa" and "ga"
GA - "This, as opposed to something else"
ranma ga koko ni iru
Ranma is here.
ranma wa koko ni iru.
Ranma is here. (this may or may not indicate emphasis on here
Similar? Yes. However, they would answer different questions. If someone said, "Where is Ranma?" you would respond "Ranma is here." On the other hand, if someone said, "Who is in here?" someone might respond "RANMA is here," with the emphasis on Ranma.
http://learnjapanese.elanguagesc ... urce/view.php?id=15 |
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emm faham, pening2 skit la.. baru gak baca from hon tadi..
such a good notes lin-san! |
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Question : Matteru = 'Please wait for me' or 'I'll be waiting for u'... konfius sat... |
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Reply #118 sh|nobu's post
tkpe...bace pepelan...kalo tk phm, tanye je k....
nnt aku carik notes lain lg utk "wa" n "ga" |
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Post time 12-9-2007 05:59 PM
Author
