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[Edisi FloraFauna]
Lalat pon minum alkohol?
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Sex-starved fruit flies turn to drink
Male fruit flies that have been rejected by females drink significantly more alcohol than those that have mated freely, scientists say.
In an article in Science, researchers suggest that alcohol stimulates the flies' brains as a "reward" in a similar way to sexual conquest.
The work points to a brain chemical called neuropeptide F, which seems to be regulated by the flies' behaviour.
Human brains have a similar chemical, which may react in a similar way.
The connection between alcohol and this chemical, which in humans is known as neuropeptide Y, has already been noted in studies involving hard-drinking mice.
The new work explores the link between such reward-seeking and the study of social interactions, said the lead author of the report Galit Shohat-Ophir, now of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Virginia, US.
"It is thought that reward systems evolved to reinforce behaviours that are important for the survival of both individuals and species, like food consumption and mating," Dr Shohat-Ophir told BBC News.
"Drugs of abuse kind of hijack the same neural pathways used by natural rewards, so we wanted to use alcohol - which is an extreme example of a compound that can affect the reward system - to get into the mechanism of what makes social interaction rewarding for animals."
'Control system'
Working in the laboratory of Ulrike Heberlein at the University of California, San Francisco, Dr Shohat-Ophir and colleagues subjected a number of flies to a wide variety of fates.
In one set of experiments, male flies were put in a box with five virgin females, which were receptive to the males' advances. In another, males were locked up with females that had already mated and which thus roundly rejected the males' attempts at sex.
Offered either their normal food slurry or a version charged with 15% alcohol, the mated males avoided the alcohol, whereas the sexually deprived males went on a comparative bender.
The team then went on a hunt for a chemical that could tie the two parts of this story together, hitting on neuropeptide F (NPF).
They found that the heavy-drinking rejected males had a lowered level of the chemical, and sated, mated males had an elevated level.
"What we think is that these NPF levels are some kind of 'molecular signature' to the experience," Dr Shohat-Ophir explained.
To show that the NPF is actually responsible for the change rather than just associated with it, the researchers actively manipulated just how much NPF was in the flies' brains.
Those with depressed levels acted like the rejected males, and those with elevated levels behaved like the mated males.
"What this leads us to think is that the fly brain - and presumably also other animals' and human brains - have some kind of a system to control their level of internal reward, that once the internal reward level is down-regulated it will be followed by behaviour that will restore it back," Dr Shohat-Ophir said.
It is tempting, given that humans share a similar brain chemical, to imagine that NPF drives human behaviour as well.
However, in an accompanying article in Science, Troy Zars of the University of Missouri wrote that "anthropomorphising the results from flies is difficult to suppress, but the relevance to human behaviour is obviously not yet established".
Nevertheless, he suggested that the work linked "a rewarding social interaction with a lasting change in behaviour".
"Identifying the NPF system as critical in this linkage offers exciting prospects for determining the molecular and genetic mechanisms of reward and could potentially influence our understanding of the mechanisms of drugs of abuse."
credit to BBCNews Last edited by dauswq on 4-4-2013 12:26 AM
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ni translate sebahagian dlm bm pulak...harap membantu..
kajian terbaru yang diterbitkan oleh jurnal sains menyatakan bahawa lalat buah jantan yang putus cinta kerana ditolak oleh lalat betina akan mengambil makanan yang mengandungi alkohol dengan kuantiti yang lebih tinggi yang merupakan hasil kajian oleh Galit Shohat Ophir dan rakannya dari Howard Hughes Institut Perubatan di Virginia, AS yang menjalankan kajian tersebut di makmal Ulrike Heberlein, Universiti California di San Diego.
Dalam kajian tersebut, Ophir membahagikan lalat buah (jantan) menjadi dua KUMPULAN. KUMPULAN pertama ditempatkan di dalam kotak yang penuh dengan Lalat betina yang bersedia untuk mengawan. manakala Lalat KUMPULAN kedua ditempatkan di dalam kotak dengan Lalat yang telah mengawan sehingga cenderung untuk menolak untuk mengawan dengan lalat2 yang ada.
kajian menunjukkan bahawa KUMPULAN lalat jantan yang yang ditolak memakan makanan yang mengandung 15 peratus alkohol, manakala sebaliknya pula pada KUMPULAN lagi satu mengelak untuk mengambil alkohol. Menurut Ophir, Lalat buah Memilih alkohol untuk memberi penghargaan atas Dirinya walaupun telah Ditolak.
tingkahlaku adalah kerana tindakbalas neuropeptida F (PTB) dalam otak. Mengikut penelitian, Lalat buah Jantan yang gagal mengawan memiliki tahap PTB yang lebih rendah.
"Ini semua membuatkan kita terfikir bahawa otak Lalat buah, dan juga mungkin Haiwan lain dan manusia, memiliki sistem kawalan untuk memberi penghargaan dalaman, Jika penghargaan dalaman rendah, maka akan diikuti dengan kelakuan yang akan meningkatkannya semula," jelas Ophir. |
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di sarankn jugak ahli biologis galit shohat ophir dan rakannya buat tes dgn lalat betina yg ditolak oleh jntan pulak...tgokk ada sama ka??? |
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lalat pun tahu frust menonggeng eh  |
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di sarankn jugak ahli biologis galit shohat ophir dan rakannya buat tes dgn lalat betina yg ditol ...
bluezink Post at 21-3-2012 09:16 
test tu mungkin berkesan kalau lalat jantan berjaye menolak lalat betina..  |
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lalat pun tahu frust menonggeng eh
lil_honey Post at 21-3-2012 09:18
pastu tahu pulak cari alkohol...  |
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Reply 7# lil_honey
kampung pening lalat tu plak tpt lepak lalat2 yg frust brcinta n penign sbb byk amek alcohol..........  |
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isitilah curang rase-rasenye ade tak berlaku pd lalat? |
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hehe lawak ler.. |
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dh jd thread lawak pulak 
dh xde minuman lain dh nk minum si lalat nii
alkohol jugak di carinye |
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isitilah curang rase-rasenye ade tak berlaku pd lalat?
dauswq Post at 23-3-2012 12:29 
kalau macam tu, pasangan lalat mesti aman bahgia, kan....?.. |
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kalau macam tu, pasangan lalat mesti aman bahgia, kan....?..
pasuoren Post at 27-3-2012 13:16
haha.. tak brape la sebab lalat pon ambik alcohol... |
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Category: Belia & Informasi
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Post time 21-3-2012 03:14 AM
变色卡
Author
Post time 21-3-2012 09:18 AM
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