...Lie To Me...

seribulan · Post time 17-8-2009 09:15 PM

Paul Ekman (born February 15, 1934) is a psychologist who has been a pioneer in the study of emotions and their relation to facial expressions. He is considered one of the 100 most eminent psychologists of the twentieth century.[1] The background of Ekman's research analyzes the development of human traits and states over time (Keltner, 2007). The character Cal Lightman of the television series Lie to Me is loosely based on him and his work.

Biography

Ekman was born in 1934 in Washington, D.C., and grew up in Newark, New Jersey, Washington, Oregon, and Southern California. He is the son of a pediatrician.

He received a Research Scientist Award from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in 1971, which was renewed in 1976, 1981, 1987, 1991, and 1997. For over forty years, NIMH supported his research through fellowships, grants, and awards.

In 2001, Ekman collaborated with John Cleese for the BBC documentary series The Human Face. He retired in 2004 as professor of psychology in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).

He was named one of the top 100 most influential people in the May 11, 2009 edition of Time magazine.

Work

Contrary to the belief of some anthropologists including Margaret Mead, Ekman found that facial expressions of emotion are not culturally determined, but universal to human culture and thus biological in origin. Ekman's finding is now widely accepted by scientists. Expressions he found to be universal included those indicating anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise. Findings on contempt are less clear, though there is at least some preliminary evidence that this emotion and its expression are universally recognized.[2]

In a research project along with Dr. Maureen O'Sullivan, called the Wizards Project (previously named the Diogenes Project), Ekman reported on facial "microexpressions" which could be used to reliably detect lying. He reported identifying "naturals", that after testing a total of 15,000 people from all walks of life, he found only 50 people that had the ability to spot deception without any formal training. These naturals are also labeled as "Truth Wizards", or wizards of deception detection. [3]

He developed the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) to taxonomize every conceivable human facial expression. Ekman conducted and published research on a wide variety of topics in the general area of non-verbal behavior. His work on lying, for example, was not limited to the face, but also to observation of the rest of the body.

In his profession he also uses verbal signs of lying. When interviewed about the Monica Lewinsky scandal, he mentioned that he could detect that former President Bill Clinton was lying because he used distancing language.[4]

Ekman has contributed much to the study of social aspects of lying, why we lie,[5] and why we are often unconcerned with detecting lies.[6] He is currently on the Editorial Board of Greater Good magazine, published by the Greater Good Science Center of the University of California, Berkeley. His contributions include the interpretation of scientific research into the roots of compassion, altruism, and peaceful human relationships. Ekman is also working with Computer Vision researcher Dimitris Metaxas on designing a visual lie-detector.[7]

Emotion classification

Ekman devised a list of basic emotions from cross-cultural research on the Fore tribesmen of Papua New Guinea. He observed that members of an isolated culture could reliably identify the expressions of emotion in photographs of people from cultures with which the Fore were not yet familiar. They could also ascribe facial expressions to descriptions of situations. On this evidence, he concluded that some emotions were basic or biologically universal to all humans.[8] The following is Ekman's (1972) list of basic emotions:

* Anger
* Disgust
* Fear
* Happiness
* Sadness
* Surprise

However in the 1990s Ekman expanded his list of basic emotions, including a range of positive and negative emotions not all of which are encoded in facial muscles[9]. The newly included emotions are:

1. Amusement
2. Contempt
3. Contentment
4. Embarrassment
5. Excitement
6. Guilt
7. Pride in achievement
8. Relief
9. Satisfaction
10. Sensory pleasure
11. Shame

As a researcher and an authority, Dr. Ekman had a steadfast rule that he and his associates would not comment on public officials, those seeking public office, litigants, or those with impending litigation.

source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ekman

seribulan · Post time 17-8-2009 09:20 PM

When you scratch your chin, wring your hands, wrinkle your nose or swallow too much, it might show you’re lying.

seribulan · Post time 17-8-2009 09:24 PM

http://spyingforlying.blogspot.com/

Sunday, August 16, 2009
Who Do We Find Trustworthy?

* Firefighters 93%
* Nurses 87%
* Doctors 80%
* Police 69%
* Teachers 69%
* Armed Forces 65%
* Judges 52%
* Financial Advisors 47%
* Plumbers 39%
* Real Estate Agents 28%
* Journalists 26%
* Lawyers 25%
* CEOs 21%
* National politicans 7%
* Car salespeople 7%

People who are trustworthy when they know a body language expert is analyzing them? Doesn't matter, because we will know either way.