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sambungan....
Particles / Joshi
"ga" (が ) - specifies the subject of the sentence....contohnye, "Jon ga kita" (John came)....maknenye subjek pd ayat kite ialah John....kite tgh ckp psl John atau kite tgh tumpukn ayat kite pd John....so bile kite crite kt owang, then owang tau yg cite kite ni adalah psl John...
"wo" (を ) - specifies the direct object of the sentence....contohnye, "Mari ga Jon wo sasotta" (Mary invited John)...aku nk terangkn pn sbnrnye tk reti kalo "wo" ni...tp besenye die gunekn bile kite tgh ckp sesuatu "action"....cam "tgh mkn roti" (Pan wo tabemasu)...."tgh main tenis" (tenisu wo shimasu)....wo ni adalah objek yg menunjukkan sesuatu action....*kalo tk phm gk, jgn segan utk suh aku ulang atau setsumei (explain) lagik k*
"wa" (は ) - specifies the topic of the sentence...contoh ayat, "Kyou wa ii tenki desu ne" (It's nice today, isnt it?)..."Kore wa nani?" (What is this?)...dlm tulisan jepun, die gunekn hiragana "ha"...tp sebutan die utk particle ialah "wa"...kalo selain dr particle baru disebut "ha"...
"kara" (から ) - specifies the starting point of the action....contohnye, "Kuu ji kara benkyou$hita" (I studied from 9 o'clock)....atau dlm eigo (english) die ialah "from"
"made" (まで ) - specifies the ending point of the action....contohnye, "San ji made benkyou$hita" (I studied until 3 o'clock).....atau dlm eigo (english) die ialah "until"
"ni" (に ) - specifies the target of the action....contohnye, "Nihon ni itta" (I went to Japan)...."Tokyo ni tsuita" (I arrived at Tokyo).....particle "ni" ni jugak digunekn utk specifies the time of the event...contohnye, "San ji ni tsuita" (I arrived at 3 o'clock)....dlm eigo nye ialah "to", "on", "at"....
"e" (へ ) - specifies the direction of the action...contohnye, "Tokyo e itta" (I went to Tokyo)....kalo kowang prasan, kalo nk ckp "I went to Tokyo", kite bleh gune 2 particles...sama ada "ni" atau "e"...dedue same je...kalo nk gtau psl "tempat"....igt yer, wpon ejaan hiragana utk "e" ni adalah hiragana "he", tp sebutan die adalah "e"....melainkn kalo kite nk ckp selain dr particle..contoh cam "hebi" (ular)...then baru sebut "he + bi"...kalo particle aje sebut "e"
p/s: "ni" ngan "e" ni cam destinasi (tmpt) yg kite nk ckp...bile kite gune particle tu, maknenye subjek atau objek kite nk kearah itu....hopefully kowang phm la
"de" (で ) - specifies how the action takes place....indicates the location, the manner, or the background condition of the action....contohnye, "Takushi de itta" (I went there by taxi)....."Fouku de tabeta" (I ate with a fork)....dlm eigo (english) nye ialah "in", "by", "with", "at"....
p/s: bile gune particle "de" ni, lebey pd maksud yg nunjukkan kite gune ape utk buat sesuatu tu, dengan ape, dimane, bagaimane....lebey kurang gtulaa...kalo ade "destinasi", then tkleh la nk gune "de"
"no" (の ) - creates a possessive phrase or a modifier phrase....contohnye, "Mari no hon" (Mary's book)....."Nihongo no hon" (Japanese language book)....pendek kate cam "kepunyaan"....bkn setakat itu saje, tp "no" ni byk lg kegunaan die yg mendalam...tp itu aku akan terangkn kemudian...sbb aku tkmo kasik kowang konpius 
"to" (と ) - Lists items....contohnye, "Sushi to sashimi wo tabeta" (I ate sushi and sashimi)...maknenye kite nk senaraikn beberape action atau mende atau pape je....tp bkn sume mende yg kite nk list bleh gune "to"... sbb "to" digunekn kalo nk listkn 2 mende atau action sahaje...kalo nk senarai up to 3 mende pn cm tk sesuai gune "to...tp tu kemudian aku terangkn....
selain dr tu, particle "to" jugak digunekn utk specifies the co-agent of the action...contohnye, "Jon ga Mari to utatta" (John sang with Mary)....maknenye kite nk gtau kite tgh buat sumthing tu "dengan siapa"....."bersama siapa"...lebey kurang gtu laa....
"ka" (か ) - lists choices....contohnye, "Sushi ka sashimi wo taberu" (I will eat sushi or sashimi)....atau dlm eigo (english) nye adalah "or"....kalo kite nk pilih antare bebyk tu, kenela gune particle "ka".....satu lg "ka" ni digunekn utk ayat tanye...kt blakang kene include "ka" utk menggantikan tande soal ( ? )....buat mase ni, aku cume akan terangkn particle yg simple aje...ade lagik particle lain...tp tu sume aku akan terangkn kemudian kemudian kemudian 
esk mlm aku akan ajar cene nk buat ayat...mane yg patot letak dlu, mane yg kemudian dan sbgnye 
[ Last edited by lin_okinawa at 6-9-2007 12:07 AM ] |
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Reply #21 Ley's post
btol...sbb tu ikut sebutan jepun
nihonjin ni die tkleh sebut L...terbalek plak ngan chuugokujin (chinese)...chuugokujin die bleh sebut L tp bukan R....
sbb tu name yg ade huruf L akan tuka jd R...Lin akan tuka jd Rin
dan...kene igt jugak, ade setengah huruf cam M...B etc...kalo berakhir akan digabungkn ngan U...cam Bobbu...padahal ejaan die Bob aje...
sbbnye tulisan jepun tkde yg berakhir ngan B....kalo Rin tu dlm ejaan atau sebutan jepun ialah "RI + N" kan???
sbb dlm jepun ade sebutan utk RI ngan N iaitu (り ) ngan (ん )...
tp kalo Bob....dlm jepun mmg ade "BO"...tp "B" saje tkde....sbb tu die tmbh ngan U kt blakang....
mgkn ade setengah owang tanye, nape tk tmbh "O" ke..."I" ke...tp nape "U"??
sbnrnye die ikut perkataan jugak....kalo BOB jd Bobbu....kalo KIM jd Kimu.....kalo HAIR (rambut) , sebutan "heya" sket....ejaan die tk sure, tp sebutan cm "heya"....tu ade jugak yg berakhir ngan "A"....jd die ikut sebutan....agak susah nk terangkn....kene besekn dgr kaiwa (conversation) jepun....
mgkn setsumei (explanation) aku tk bape jitu...bleh jugak kalo nk cube tanye pro pro nihongo ni dkt bod languages
kalo ade yg silap, tlg btolkan yeh  |
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wah! best best! good work lin-san! |
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Meh shin tambah2 sket apa yang shin blaja
THE DAYS OF THE WEEK
nichi-youbi = Sunday
getsu-youbi = Monday
ka-youbi = Tuesday
sui-youbi = Wednesday
moku-youbi = Thursday
kin-youbi = Friday
do-youbi = Saturday
nan-youbi = what day
example :
Kyo wa nan-youbi desu ka. (Hari ini hari apa?)
Kyo wa ka-youbi desu. (Hari ini hari Selasa) or jwpn pendek : Ka-youbi desu.
Yasumi wa do-youbi to nichi-youbi desu. (Hari cuti ialah Sabtu dan Ahad)
Watashi wa getsu-youbi kara kin-youbi made hatarakimasu. (Saya bekerja dari Isnin hingga Jumaat)
(Saya + Isnin dari Jumaat hingga + bekerja) <-- direct translation
Ganbatte kudasai!  |
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cayalah lin..ganbatte...aku menyokong thread ni...heheh |
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kalo leh setiap mlm aku akan tepek notes...
arap dpt blaja smpi kanji tros |
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Reply #27 lin_okinawa's post
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atleast yg sensei tak ajar kat kurasu, aku leh tau kat sini..hontou n arogatou na lin-chan.. |
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yup aku pong sokong thread ni! mari kite ramai2 letak notes... |
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uiks ada klas bhs jepun arr.
nak nyibuk gak la...
cikgu, leh wat sample ayat tak?
cam ayat perbualan harian ke?
nak tanya word eksen ni dlm bhs jepun apa ek? |
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Reply #27 lin_okinawa's post
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kanji? takat nih x sampai 30 lagi huruf yg aku belajar....sikit2..tapi kalo nama artis cam Tomohisa yama#a dlm kanji tuh..aku kenal dah..heheheheh |
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Reply #32 PrincessFiona's post
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Reply #30 haira's post
eksen??action??maksud ko cene??
kurang phm |
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Nihongo Lesson 5
Telling The Topic
eigo (english) ni tkde topic phrase, tp kalo nihongo mmg ade...nihonjin ni suke mention topics at the beginning of their sentences...
at the very beginning of a statement, clarify what u're talking about....meaning kowang kene state the topic of the sentence.....mase ni la particle/joshi ni memainkn peranan....use the particle "wa" (は ) to mark the topic word...
suppose kalo kowang nk ckp psl ape yg kowang buat semlm....u start with the word for "yesterday" (kinou : きのう ), add "wa" (は ) after the word to alert the listener that "yesterday" is ur topic, and then finish the sentence.....senang kan????
contoh ayat2 ialah :-
- Kinou wa sensei ga Jon wo shikatta (きのう は せんせい が ジョン を しかった : semlm, sensei marah John)
- Sensei wa kinou Jon wo shikatta (せんせい は ジョン を しかった : cekgu semlm marah John)
- Jon wa sensei ga kinou shikatta (ジョン は せんせい が きのう しかった : John kene marah ngan cekgu semlm)
sorila kalo ayat aku cm sengal sket....tp aku arap kowang leh phm la...wpon ketige2 maksud ayat adalah same, tp topic die lelain....ayat pertame topicnye ialah "yesterday"...ayat kedue plak topiknye ialah "sensei"...dan yg ketige adalah "John"....terpulang pd owang nk letak mane satu topik nye, asalkn word order tu btol....subjek or objek di depan dan verb wajib dibelakang....
kirenye, any noun can be the topic....the subject noun can be the topic, and the object noun pn can be the topic...kalo noun tu adalah subject dan jugak topic of the sentence, then kowang kene gune topic particle "wa"....JGN GUNA "ga" + "wa" (kononnye utk mark the noun as both the subject and the topic)...
in the same way, when a noun is the direct object as well as the topic, mark it with just "wa"...JGN GUNA both "wo" ngan "wa".... |
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sambungan...
Asking Questions
kalo kowang bleh form a sentence, maknenye kowang leh form a question very easily in nihongo....
unlike eigo (english), u dont hv to invert the subject n the verb when u ask a question in nihongo...dan kowang tk perlu letak tande soal jugak (? )...waktu ni la particle "ka" memainkn peranan...cam yg aku ckp dlm lesson yg sebelum ni
how u form a question depends on what u are expecting as an answer...kowang expecting jwpn "yes" or "no"?? atau are u expecting a specific piece of info cam name ke, tmpt or tarikh atau psl owang lain etc....??
Yes or No Questions
kalo nk form a question that u expect a "yes" or "no" answer, kowang cume perlu add the question particle "ka" (か ) at the end of the statement sentence dan kowang jugak perlu gune "rising intonation", just as u do in eigo (english)....
contohnye, "Jon wa kimasu" (ジョン は きます : John will come)....dan satu lg ialah "Jon wa kimasu ka" (ジョン は きます か : Will John come?).....
nmpk tk perbezaan kedue2 ayat tu??...hanye dgn tambah question particle "ka" saje, dh bleh ubah maksud ayat dan jugak bentuk ayat tu sendrik....dr ayat bese bleh jd ayat tanye...
Content Questions
kalo kite nk tanye soklan yg expects specific info or content as an answer, kite kene gune "question word" in addtion to the question particle "ka" at the end of the sentence.....cam english jugak, different question words must be used depending on what is being asked....
kt bwh ni aku kasik info psl question words...
Dare (だれ ) - Who (informal / neutral form)
Doko (どこ ) - Where
Donata (どなた ) - Who (formal form)
Dore (どれ ) - Which one (ni kalo ade pilihan 3 atau lebey)
Dochira (どちら ) - Which one (ni kalo nk pilih antare 2)
Dou (どう ) - How
Ikura (いくら ) - How much
Itsu (いつ ) - When
Nani (なに ) - What (informal / neutral form)
Nan (なん ) - What (formal form, kene tmbh "desu ka" kt blakang)
Dropping Understood Words
utk pengetahuan kowang, when it comes to speaking, nihonjin use the minimum number of words necessary to convey their meaning....ni yg kengkdgnye kowang akan dgr ayat2 yg without a subject, a direct object, a time phrase or a location phrase...besenye ayat diowang cume consists of just the verb or just the topic....
contoh ayat ialah :-
a1. Anata wa kyou watashi no uchi ni kimasu ka (あなた は きょう わたし の うち に きます か : arini ko dtg umah aku ke?)
a2. Uchi ni kimasu ka (うち に きます か :dtg umah aku tk? )
b1. Hotto doggu wa tabemasu ka (ホット ドッグ は たべます か : ko mkn hotdog tk?)
b2. Tabemasu ka (たべます か : mkn tk?)
c1. Watashi wa kinou tenisu wo shima$hita (わたし は きのう テニス を しました : I played tennis yesterday)
c2. Shima$hita (しました : I did)
prasan tk ayat die makin lame makin pendek???kalo sape yg bese tgk drama jepun tu, akan prasan yg nihonjin akan gune perkataan yg lebey pendek, dan bile gune ayat pendek ni, diowang besenye akan tnjk aksi skali...contoh cm ayat kedue tu...."ko mkn hotdog tk?"...."mkn tak?" (smbl tnjk hotdog tu)...camtula lebey kurang care dan maksudnye
smpi takat ni je utk mlm ni....kalo ade yg tk phm atau kurang phm....jgn memalu utk ajukan soklan...aku akan cube jwb ngan selengkap mungkin.....
esk mlm aku akan ajar psl pronouns plak....
oyasuminasai (goodnite) 
[ Last edited by lin_okinawa at 6-9-2007 12:13 AM ] |
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wwwaaa!! konbanwa!! nadeshiko desu!! yoroshiku onegaishimasu!!
Lin san ii desu ne.. minna san no tame ni, nihon go o oshiete agema$hita. Yoku dekita ne!
Ja minna san, issho ni nihon go o benkyo shimashou!! |
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Reply #39 nadeshiko's post
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hai!!! issho ni benkyou shimashou!!! |
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Post time 4-9-2007 09:37 PM
..kalo salah gomen ne
..baru nk belajo taw
Author
