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Sharon- Eropah Kecil Di Tel Aviv. (65pics)
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Sharon - a small Europe in Tel Aviv. Part 1Today I will tell you about a very interesting place in Tel Aviv - Saron. Place the old and new - until recently it was an old abandoned house - and now a new sparkling resort area - renovated and set in order. Then we walked on Saturday - you remember a couple of posts from the phone, which I have shown you. Now it's time to full-scale stories and impressions.
Photo 1.
Saronno, perhaps, can be compared with the territory of the old Turkish train / railway station in Neve Tzedek ("Mithila ha Taha" - the old Turkish railway station Tel Aviv - http://grimnir74.livejournal.com/281209 7.html ), opened a few years ago: the same nice cafes, wine bars and restaurants, galleries and cozy selected by the selected concept stores, but even more on the area, and even in the heart of the city. In addition, residents of the southern and coastal parts of the city and used to have a pleasant alternative to spending time in the Neve Tzedek and Jaffa, but in the business and industrial center, areas close to business centers, but just above the junction of our main thoroughfare - Ayalon - here on this green oasis with parks, ponds and carved chairs before you could only dream of.
Photo 2. The territory of Saron is decorated with two artificial pond with water lilies (will show in the next section), walking paths and flowering trees, a large playground and, of course, a two- or three-storey themselves houses of the former German colony, which has been decided to move to a few tens of meters side of the road, to extend Kaplan Street, on the other side of which is a military base "Kiriya".
This area off the coast of the Ayalon River, which now runs Ring Road, Templers (German religious settlers who settled then in the Land of Israel. The name of the Templars distorted, but the ancient knights have no relationship. Their colonies there and in other places, such as Haifa Colony germanite - http://grimnir74.livejournal.com/43 7130.html ) called distorted biblical name Sharon, ie Sharon (Hebrew letter "shin" and "sin" can be read the same way).
The exact location fantastically fertile land Sharon in the Bible is not specified, and it can only guess. Jews called Sharon Valley plain north of Tel Aviv, Herzliya between current and Netanya, and the Templers here this place off the coast of the river, which the local Arab population calls Mutsraroy (מוצררה, now Nahal Ayalon), in one hour's walk from Jaffa.
Agricultural settlement of Saron was founded October 18, 1871 on a small hill, to which sometimes could not get a river overflows its banks. Today is hard to imagine, but in those days, Tel Aviv was not there, and so from Saronno sea views.
It is at this point - the first time in the Land of Israel - has been applied an integrated approach to gardening space: in public places was planted Mediterranean pine, and along walkways - palms Washington, and tall cypress trees - along the perimeter. Interesting fact: at the beginning of the construction of Petah Tikva in 1878 for the sample was taken is Sharon.
[size=-2]From the collection of negatives Matson
Photo 3. At various stages of the inhabitants of Saron (about 400 people in the heyday) than just not doing: manufacture of wine, meat and dairy products, cultivation of vegetables, fruits, different crafts and others. Today interesting to walk between the houses and an outbuilding or title institutions (such as the "House of Fabrics") guess who lived here before and on what worked for more than 100 years ago.
And today in this house opened an art gallery
Photo 4.
Photo 5.
Photo 6.
Photo 7. After the Second World War, the Templars had to sell their land, except those which are residential buildings. And in 1949, moved to the area of ​​government and military institutions. Here was the residence of the president, the first public archive, many ministries and departments.And after moving several ministries in Jerusalem buildings were placed at the disposal of the army.
And 40 years on quarter forgotten.
Photo 8.
Photo 9.
Photo 10. The second life of Sharon presented, of course, money. Tel Aviv has become a big city, there was a huge jump in property prices in Tel Aviv, construction companies have started to dig new sites for development, and where it all suddenly remembered that it was in the heart of Tel Aviv has a chic and unjustly forgotten land. Ha! After several plans, among which was a complete demolition of the quarter, it was decided to give Sharon a second chance to move houses, together with the grounds and restore them, and residents and visitors to give such a nice area.
On the part of the area would still have been built - and still under construction, several skyscrapers.
Sadiki has just planted
Photo 11.
Photo 12.Babochka
Photo 13. Now let's delve more into history - it is interesting of course.
Unlike Templer settlements in Jerusalem, Haifa and Jaffa, the existence of Saron known to a small circle of people, mostly old-timers of Tel Aviv and historians.
"Gruss aus der deutschen Kolonie Sarona bei Jaffa (Palästina)"
"Greetings from the German colony of Saron near Jaffa (Palestine)"
[size=-2]Postcard sent by a resident of Saronno his brother in Haifa. [size=-2]1901.
From the earliest days of the Templers are faced with great difficulties. The area was swampy, in the village of an outbreak of malaria, which killed many settlers. Residents of Sharon, however, did not panic - in the first year were planted eucalyptus trees absorb moisture, and the following year, malaria receded.
The village has developed very fast: the new settlers arrived, build new houses, planted vineyards. Grapes - the culture of relatively unpretentious and quickly giving fruits, besides the Templers are assigned to work with typical German thoroughness and accuracy. All this is bound to bring results: Sharon soon becomes the richest German settlement, and in per capita terms, probably in the whole of Palestine.Competitors was not until the early twentieth century, when new settlements were founded by Templars. So, was known for its high standard of living Wilhelm (now Moshav Bnei Atarot), founded in 1902
In 1877, the population of Saron employs 130 people, for ten years, it has doubled. By the end of the XIX century in the village had 42 houses and 31 extension, which lived about 250 people.
[size=-1]View on Saronno from the sea. [size=-1]Figure Karl Kubler (1920)
[size=-2]Original , on it can be dismantled houses and trees. [size=-2]185 Kb.
[size=-1]Fragment pattern Kubler. [size=-1][size=-1]It is clearly seen the school building at the intersection of two main streets.
Photo 14.
In 1898, in Sharon, designed by architect Zandelya the latest technology was built large wine cellar. He was not the first in Palestine - so, five years before the same Zandel designed cellar in Jewish Mikveh Yisrael Agricultural Academy.
The new building has dramatically increase the production of wine, comes to 40,000 decaliters a year. This is more than 500 thousand bottles of standard volume of 0.75 liters.
Wine barrels were exported, mainly to Germany, where in Stuttgart at the Templer was the main sales office, and in Berlin - the warehouse and bottling plant.
Popular brands were "Jaffa Gold", "Sharon White" and "Sylvaner".
Wine was apparently vysokachestvennym. This is supported by the fact that when Europe had a poor harvest of grapes, French, recognized authorities in winemaking, bought the batch of wine from Saronno.
After the founding of other agricultural settlements of the Templars - Wilhelm efforts inhabitants of these two villages were merged, and their interests are represented by a single company.
[size=-1]Sharon wine label.
However, in 1907-1910, world prices for grapes have plummeted, and with them fell and wine exports, which had never returned to previous levels. The area used for vineyards, had to be cut, and in their place to plant citrus, requiring much more care than grapes. In particular, it was necessary to establish a system of irrigation with which the Templers coped brilliantly. The fact is, they had already had great experience: More in 1904 in Sharon was dug 52-meter deep well from which a pump, gas-operated, providing water to all the houses of the village. I do not know whether in the early twentieth century settlement in Palestine, where he was held plumbing.
Subsequently, this experience Templer Saron was used in Tel Aviv.
Exports of oranges was carried out under the brand name "Jaffa". They are sold well in Europe, especially in England.
[size=-1]Selected Jaffa oranges. [size=-1]Sharon William. [size=-1]
[size=-1]Of the German settlements in Palestine.
Templer Saron also engaged in the sale of meat and dairy products to the local population - in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Jaffa. In particular, it was famous for its quality German beef. Milk yields were 200,000 liters per year (i.e. 500-600 liters per day). Brought considerable income trading butter, I think in those days delicacy.
Products coming in Jewish shops, kosher, followed by special their representatives.
The proximity to the river Ayalon has created good conditions for grazing. Subsequently, there will be based Jewish dairies - "Tnuva" (the West Bank) and "Tara" (on the east). Building these plants survived.
At the same time, the Templers Saron first built a shed in Palestine, which made ​​it possible to put livestock on an industrial basis.
If you compare with other templerskimi village, because of its proximity to Tel Aviv Saron contacts between Jews and Germans were, perhaps, by the close. The population of Tel Aviv in those years was talking mostly in Yiddish - a language close to the German, and Templers they did not have the language barrier.
Despite the fact that the residents of Tel Aviv belonged to the Templars, as human beings not of this world (we must not forget that those were the sectarian way of life), the Jews and the Templers willingly traded with each other, on loan Jews used some of the area Saron enterprises, and the Germans often turned to Jewish doctors. There were even cases when the Jews settled in the village.
[size=-1]Community House (Beit Ha'am).
Photo 15.Vot my girls studying map of the area. Nearby you can see that the garden work is not quite finished.
Photo 16.Edinstvennoe that I do not like is the modern signs in older homes - do not fit. For the rest, there is great. But back to the story
In 1913, on the eve of the First World War near Saron was built a small airfield, located at the intersection of the current Weizmann Street and Sderot Shaul Ha-Melech; later on this place was built the court, the Tel Aviv Museum of Art, the library and the new opera house.
The airfield was a subsidiary and for military purposes by German airmen have not been used.
When it became clear that the Turkish-German-Austrian troops will not be able to keep their positions, German kommandovaniem order was given to all able-bodied men of the southern settlements Templer moved north. Remaining in the village wives Templer render all assistance to the retreating German troops through it.
November 17, 1917 Sharon was captured by British troops. Due to the proximity to the new front line for the British airport has acquired strategic importance and they converted it into a military. In addition to English, are also based Australian aircraft.
Airport acted ten months. Then the front line moved to the north, and it was left.
But in this war for the people of Saron is not over, because British accused them of spying for the Germans. Thus, it was noticed the connection between the opening and closing the shutters in the homes of the Templars and the Turkish artillery attacks.
After the end of hostilities, all the inhabitants of the southern settlements - Saronno, Jaffa Gate and Jerusalem, including the elderly, women and children, were deported to Egypt. It is noteworthy that the Templers from northern settlements (Haifa, Bethlehem and Waldheim) were interned.
On his return from the Egyptian references Templers in 1920 found their houses empty and often dilapidated - was stolen by literally everything. Most of the plantations was launched, livestock stolen. Life had to establish from scratch.
Since recovery of production of milk and meat needed time Templers engaged in cultivation of vegetables, and in the first year received income from their sale. In fact, to restore livestock and tidy plantations, it took several years.
In 1924, the territory of Saron Rabbi Avrom Teperbergom opened its first factory in Palestine for the production of alcohol. Undertaking, however, proved unsuccessful.
In 1925 lived in the village of 225 people.
[size=-1]Graduating class of the school. [size=-1]1929
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Photo 17.
In the 20-ies. near Saron grew Montefiore Jewish quarter. The history of this place is as follows: in 1855, the English philanthropist Sir Moses Montefiore bought it for the Jews of Jaffa, and it was supposed to break the orange groves. After several unsuccessful attempts idea was abandoned, and the site on behalf of the Keren-JNF was leased settled near him Templer, who planted his vineyard.
In 1922 the site was sold on it and began to build the house.
Interesting fact: in response to what was used in the planning of the Templers Saron cross, Jewish residents Montefiore quarter designed so that the grid of its streets resembled Hanukkah menorah. Unfortunately, with the advent of new buildings original layout was lost.
Photo 18.
Until the early 30s. hardly anyone could imagine that the German presence in Palestine will soon come to an end. But Hitler came to power in 1933 and the Arab riots in 1936-1939. Templer made ​​exile inevitable. Again and again, looking chronicling the events of those years, we see that that outcome could not be.
Can not say that the Templers were zealous supporters of the National Socialists, but in general they are certainly treated them with sympathy: after 15 years of the Weimar Republic, during which the German diaspora few people paid attention to settlers in Palestine, finally, remembered, became interested in their position, they were allowed to participate in elections.
And, most importantly, the Templers again felt the power of a state that does not give them offense. So, when in 1933 the Jewish population boycotted German goods, including produced in the settlements of the Templars, the German government issued a note of protest, with the result that was reached a temporary truce and trade resumed.
As in other settlements of the Templars, Saron were organized party branches, hold rallies, lectures.
With regard to the Arab-Jewish conflict, the Templers tried to hold it in a neutral position, which turned accusations of complicity of each party.
Production in Sharon, despite some improvement by the end of the 30-ies., Fell, travel outside the settlement becomes dangerous. The situation is gradually slipping into chaos.
Photo 19.
During the war in Sharon was one of five displaced persons' camps, in which, besides the wives and children of the Templars (men were sent to a POW camp in Acre), lived the citizens of Germany and its allies, svezennye from all over Palestine. In addition to the Germans, it contained many Italians; were even Jews - citizens of these countries.
It was not a camp in the conventional sense of the word. Thus, despite the 4-meter high barbed-wire fence, its residents were allowed during the day shopping at the nearby Tel Aviv.
At the same time on the territory of Saron seat of one of the units of the British police mobile, known for his cruelty against the Jewish settlers. English was erected many buildings barracks intended primarily for housing.
Police headquarters several times attacked the Jewish underground. February 22, 1946 in an attack on him, killing four soldiers "Haganah".
April 25, 1947 as a result of operations conducted by "Lehi", was killed five British.
Photo 20.
Photo 21.
After the war, the opposition of the Jews and the Germans reached its climax. March 22, 1946 at the wheel of his car by unknown shot at the mayor was killed Saron Gotthilf Wagner (Gotthilf Wagner).
Templer Saron knew that they would not last long, and December 11, 1946 an agreement was reached for the sale of all land, except those which are residential buildings, the Jewish Agency. We can assume that leaving a house, Templers still hoped to return someday.
March 24, 1947 an agreement was signed, but then intervened British administration, confiscated all the land, without exception, Saron, and then sell them on their own behalf municipality of Tel Aviv, Ramat Gan, Givatayim and Bnei Brak. The proceeds from the sale of money, according to the British, had to go to the relocation of the Templars in Australia, required considerable costs.
In reality, however, the calculations were made ​​not completely in 50-ies., During the Israeli-German negotiations Templer managed to get some of the money in the account of compensation.
Ещё до окончания действия британского мандата в здании бывшего винного погреба и прилегающих к нему постройках действовала подпольная мастерская, занимавшаяся сборкой новых самолетов из частей старых, купленных у покидавших Палестину англичан. Мастерская действовала с января по март 1948 года под самым их носом, и собранные ею четырнадцать "Аустеров" и первый израильский "Спитфайер" (самый первый, ещё до поступления партии самолетов из Чехословакии) внесли большой вклад в победу в войне за независимость.
Photo 22.
В начале 1949 в Кирью (так теперь назывался район) въехали правительственные и военные учреждения.
После переезда большинства министерств в Иерусалим, освободившиеся помещения были переданы в ведение армии и министерства обороны, которые находятся здесь и по сей день.
Северная часть (всё, что севернее улицы Каплан) является закрытой зоной, вход в которую осуществляется только по специальным пропускам. Там сегодня военная часть и министерство обороны - на многих фото вам видна радиовышка, возвышающаяся там.
Фото 23. Вот такая история района.
Photo 24.
Фото 25.Детская площадка
Фото 26.Кому апельсинчики - кому витаминчики
Фото 27.Вот видите вышку? Это в Минобороне
Фото 28.Уютное кафе - оно тут было еще в 1919 году. Ну не оно конечно, а другое, но было
Photo 29.
Фото 30.А тут книжный магазин
Фото 31.
Фото 32.В нем мы купили дочке долгожданные ею книги - на английском. Про Перси Джексона и компанию
Фото 33.
Photo 34.
Фото 35.Селфи)
Фото 36.Такие детские площадки строят все чаще - они классные
Фото 37.А это здание бывшей маслобойни - тут давили оливки на масло
Photo 38.
Фото 39.Мы зайдем посмотрим
Фото 40.Это верхняя часть
Photo 41.
Фото 42.Это то окно, что снял снаружи - теперь изнутри
Фото 43.Наверху никого не было - работники внизу работали в кафе, а тут не появлялись
Фото 44.Старинный кувшин - для масла наверное
Photo 45.
Фото 46.А это уже внизу - сами машины для выдавливания масла
Photo 47.
Фото 48.И дальше по улочкам
Photo 49.
Photo 50.
Фото 51.Возле многих домов стоят таблички с их историей
Photo 52.
Photo 53.
Фото 54.Это тот же дом с галереей, что был в начале поста - тут другая его сторона
Photo 55.
Photo 56.
Photo 57.
Фото 58.Мы здорово гуляли, пили пиво, ели гамбургеры
Photo 59.
Photo 60.
Photo 61.
Фото 62.Вообще классный райончик - всем рекомендую. Европа европой.
Photo 63.
Есть у меня фото района до и во время реконструкции - мы там гуляли когда-то, но так как этот пост вышел сильно большим, покажу пока только парочку:
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Post time 21-2-2015 10:27 PM
变色卡
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