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Why fertilizer can be an explosive mixture
An explosion at a Texas fertilizer plant April 18 killed at least five, injured 160 and forced locals to remain indoors as officials feared further explosions or leaks of ammonia from the plant's ruins. Fertilizer is commonly used to help farm crops grow better and make lawns greener. But one of the ingredients often employed in the manufacturing process, ammonium nitrate, is highly fickle and can feed an explosion under the right circumstances. Most plants require some combination of 16 different nutrients to grow properly. Some of these come from air and water, but plants derive most nutrients from soil, which doesn't always contain all the substances they need to thrive. Farmers compensate for poor soil by using either animal manure or fertilizer to replenish the nutrients. Worldwide, fertilizer plants produce about 170,000,000 tonnes of fertilizer nutrients annually, according to the International Fertilizer Industry Association. Plants like West Fertilizer Co. in Waco, Texas, where the April 18 explosion occured, manufacture fertilizer for commercial use. Producing fertilizer involves treating raw materials to either purify them or increase their concentration, changing them into plant-available forms, and frequently combining materials so they contain multiple nutrients, according to IFIA. There have been other explosions at fertilizer plants, including one on Sept. 21, 2001, at an AZF plant about 3 kilometers outside the city centre of Toulouse, France. About 300 tonnes of ammonium nitrate exploded, killing 29 and injuring at least 2,500. It shattered windows up to 5 kilometres away, and resulted in about 40,000 insurance claims. http://www.cbc.ca/ |