CARI Infonet

 Forgot password?
 Register

ADVERTISEMENT

View: 3038|Reply: 0

Poros China - India - Indonesia untuk Orde Asia

[Copy link]
Post time 24-2-2014 12:22 PM | Show all posts |Read mode
Biarkan Asia dikelola oleh Asia sendiri ... tentu saja dengan arahan 3 negara besar asia ini ....
China, India and Indonesia–Building Trust Amidst Hostility
By Vibhanshu Shekher     

Amidst  the prevailing atmospherics of aggression, hostility and  uncertainty,  rising powers of the Indo-Pacific are also making efforts  towards  building trust and exhibiting their willingness to come to  terms with  each other’s rise. Three such efforts were made in October  2013 by  China, India and Indonesia during the high-level visits of  Chinese  President Xi Jinping to Jakarta, October 3; Indian Prime  Minister  Manmohan Singh to Jakarta, October 10-12; and again by Prime  Minister  Singh to Beijing, October 22-24. The significance of these  visits lies  in the introduction of a somewhat calibrated approach  towards dealing  with each other’s rise, strengthening relations as  major powers, and  opening up of new channels of communication in their  troubled areas of  relations. No matter how small these efforts for  collaboration are,  their significance should not be lost amidst the  cacophony of doom and  gloom that some reports claim are prevalent  throughout the region.

The  official statements from these visits offer a glimpse into how  these  three states are acknowledging the significance of each other in  the  evolving regional order. Though the United States remains the  paramount  power in the region, mutual acknowledgement of each other’s  interests  and stakes between these three second-tier rising powers  could create  conditions for stability in an otherwise unstable  multipolar  Indo-Pacific. The visits produced commitments in three major  areas of  diplomacy: assertion of strategic partnerships including  defense  cooperation, deepening of cooperation in economic and other  softer areas  of relations, and introduction of Confidence Building  Measures (CBMs)  to diffuse tension. First, while consolidating their  relations, these  Asian powers laid out road maps for cementing ties,  and acknowledged  each other’s role and importance in the region. The  first signal came  from Jakarta where Indonesia and China decided to  elevate their  bilateral cooperation to the level of a comprehensive  strategic  partnership. While Beijing acknowledged Jakarta as an  emerging market  with global and regional influence, the latter  characterized their  partnership as an epochal moment in the history of  their bilateral  relations. Defense and security  cooperation–specifically in the areas of  maritime security, military  exercises, defense industry–figured  prominently in their joint  statement.

India and Indonesia, bereft  of any major sore point in their relations  in comparison to either  Sino-Indian or Sino-Indonesian relations,  attempted to add more  substance and speed to their otherwise thin and  slow-paced strategic  partnership. The two countries identified five  focus areas to strengthen  their bilateral ties: strategic engagement,  defense and security  cooperation, comprehensive economic partnership,  cultural and  people-to-people linkages, and cooperation in responding  to common  challenges. The content of their joint statement highlighted  the intent  of the two rising powers to go beyond the bilateral context  of  cooperation towards a pan-Indo-Pacific orientation. Both the Indian   Ocean and the G-20 were added as important regional and global agendas   for bilateral cooperation.

On the other hand, the Sino-Indian  joint statement, entitled “A Vision  for Future Development of  India-China Strategic and Cooperative  Partnership” aimed to project  broad-based consensus between the two  powers over issues of regional and  global concern. The two countries  signed nine agreements/Memorandums of  Understanding (MoU) with the  two-pronged focus of developing  confidence-building measures to address  areas of bilateral dispute and  deepening cooperation in areas of  mutual benefit.

Second,  these visits reflected an infusion of substantive economic  cooperation  into their partnerships and an emphasis on strengthening  cooperation in  other less contentious areas, such as education and  culture. In addition  to the signing of a currency swap agreement worth  $16 billion, China  and Indonesia agreed to implement the commitments of  the China-Indonesia  Five Year Development Program for Trade and  Economic Cooperation to  reach a bilateral trade target of $80 billion  by 2015. The Chinese  leadership tried to allay Indonesian misgivings in  the economic sector  by agreeing to enhance direct investment in the  infrastructure and  development sectors and to promote balanced trade.  At the 2013 Bali  summit of APEC, both China and Indonesia pushed for  greater economic  integration, better connectivity and greater market  access within the  region.

India and  Indonesia signed six MoUs, which entailed greater  collaboration between  institutions of the two countries in the areas of  health, natural  disasters, drug-trafficking, intelligence training,  and research. In a  similar fashion, the Sino-Indian joint statement  focused on linkages in  the softer areas of cooperation. They signed an  MoU on reviving the  ancient Nalanda University and also agreed to  celebrate the six decades  of the Nehruvian doctrine of Panchsheel–Five  Principles of Peaceful  Coexistence–as a symbol of post-colonial  Sino-Indian friendship. The  ASEAN Regional Comprehensive Economic  Partnership initiative figured for  the first time as a potential agenda  of bilateral economic cooperation.  Both India and China are not part  of the Trans-Pacific Partnership  negotiations. These agendas of  cooperation reflect on decisions of the  two countries to widen the  audience and stakeholders of their  relationship by strengthening  people-to-people relations.

Experts on Sino-Indian relations would  have found it unpalatable to  imagine a few years ago that Myanmar, which  has remained a source of  Sino-Indian rivalries, would figure as a  connecting link in their  efforts towards building ties. This welcome  trend was evident from the  joint statement of India and China that  mentioned Myanmar as a likely  participant in their celebration of six  decades of Panchsheel.

Finally,  these visits saw attempts to build confidence over  long-standing  bilateral disputes by introducing these sensitive issues  into the  official agenda of negotiation. Major strides came from the  most  troubled equation of this strategic triangle–Sino-Indian  relations. New  Delhi and Beijing signed a border defense cooperation  agreement that  underscored the necessity of maintaining peace along the  border through  information sharing and laid out elaborate mechanisms  for both periodic  meetings as well as emergency communications.  Moreover, India and China,  for the first time, brought trans-border  river management into the  official agenda of negotiation with the  signing of an MoU on  strengthening cooperation on trans-border rivers  and the Chinese consent  for data sharing.

The  predominant culture of strategic autonomy in India and Indonesia  seems  to be dictating their economically beneficial and  tension-reducing  exercises of cooperation with China. Jakarta as an  autonomous actor,  once again, holds the key in this new-evolving  triangle of  relationships. Nevertheless, it is yet to be seen whether  these three  powers are able to shoulder the responsibility of building a  stable  regional order or if they will inevitably push the region  towards  greater instability as their individual power and ambitions  grow.

http://dinmerican.wordpress.com/2014...t-hostility-2/


Reply

Use magic Report

You have to log in before you can reply Login | Register

Points Rules

 

ADVERTISEMENT


Forum Hot Topic

 

ADVERTISEMENT


 


ADVERTISEMENT
Follow Us

ADVERTISEMENT


Mobile|Archiver|Mobile*default|About Us|CARI Infonet

29-3-2024 09:49 PM GMT+8 , Processed in 0.062886 second(s), 31 queries .

Powered by Discuz! X3.4

Copyright © 2001-2021, Tencent Cloud.

Quick Reply To Top Return to the list