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[SBS]~ Six Flying Dragons~ Yoo Ah In, Shin Se Kyung, Kim Myung Min (Part 2)
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boleh asah KBAT...masuk PT3 leh dpt 10A.. .
tapi mmg tabik le kat penulis skrip..mesti bertahun-tahun wat research...
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aah ler betul tu nohas...mmg leh asah semula KBAT tu...
ayu salute dgn scriptwriter...terbaik ler...detail ler...
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The Land System of Goryeo. Urgh… I know it will be boring. You may hate to read it. (I’m bored, too) So I’ll start with the reminder of the previous SFD episodes about Goryeo’s land system issue. * Six Flying Dragons Episode 4 “Hong In-Bang’s War Sales”
http://bodashiri.tumblr.com/post/134512092521/war-sale-ep-4
I guess there are lots of translation errors in Ep 4 English subs. So I retranslated the part before. In short, the central government (Dodang) robbed commoners’ lands and gave them out as compensation to the nobles who send their private armies to fight Japanese pirates. As a result, the lands in Yeon-Hee’s village were forcibly taken by the nobles’ servants. You may remember the tragic incident.
Six Flying Dragons Episode 5 “The Law”
Boon-Yi : What do you know as a scrap of a noble man? We used to harvest 400 bags of grains from our lands. “Law”? According to the law, we pay 40 bags to the country and 40 bags to our local official. That’s the law. But I’ve never seen such a thing since I was born. In the year I was born, I heard we paid 240 bags. In the year I became 6 years old, we paid 320 bags. And recently, to 8 noble men who claimed to be the owners, we paid an unbelievable 360 bags.There are more than 200 who have to live on the remaining 40 bags for a year. You have no idea what that number means. It means that we have to live with 2 spoons of rice a day! But we still had to live on, That’s why we kept digging and digging in this wasteland. And it was our first harvest this year. But people were killed and all of our harvest was stolen.
So, what was the problem? - In the pre-capitalist agricultural economy, “land” means wealth.
- The rich got richer, and the poor got poorer. While Nobles owned most of the lands in Goryeo, more and more lands of the lower classes were robbed. Goryeo was a paradise of 1% nobles, and a hell of 99% commoners.
- Multiple taxation was the worst. One land with too many nobles who claimed to be the owners. It was common for a single land to be taxed many times by different nobles. The weight of taxation bore hard on commoners.
So, what was the solution? The land reform began with Jo Joon. He wrote petitions for land reform total three times (in 1388, 1389. 1390), and the first petition immediately became a hot potato in Dodang. Jung Do-Jeon’s revolutionist party vehemently in favor of his plan, but it sparked the strong opposition of conservative nobles. Meanwhile, moderate reformists led by Jung Mong-Joo kept neutrality. The three faction had different perspectives and solutions on the issue. 1) Jung Do-Jeon’s idea : 계민수전(計民授田) - Meaning “Count the number of citizens, and distribute lands to them”
- It is a kind of “Land nationalization”. Lands are taken away from corrupt nobles and revert to the state. Private ownership of lands are not admitted. All lands belong to the country.
- The government distribute the lands according to the headcount of each family. A land should be given to a person who cultivates it. No big landowner. No tenant farmer. The country of independent farmers are ideal.
- His radical land system was influenced by Mencius’ “Well-field system (정전제, 井田制)”. For more information, chek out wikipedia.
- To realize it, social reform was not enough at all. That’s why Jung Do-Jeon sought after “revolution” instead of reforms.
- Now, you can understand why Boon-Yi is hanging on it for dear life. Her simple dream was to get her own land to farm and to live happily with her brother.
- However, Jung Do-Jeon’s idea was too radical even by modern standards. Such a policy would inevitably draw fierce resistance from nobles as well as some wealthy Sadaebu scholars.
2) Yi Saek’s idea : 일전일주제(一田一主制) - Meaning “One land with one owner” system
- Private ownership of lands is admitted in the old ways, but a single land should be taxed by a single owner. It will lighten the tax burden on farmers.
- Yi Saek was Jung Do-Jeon’s teacher. He was famous for a great Confucian scholar. Most Sadebu scholars were reformist, but he belonged to the most privileged among them. Actually, he owned a great amount of lands.
- So, Yi Saek joined hands with conservative nobles like Jo Min-Soo to oppose Jung Do-Jeon.
3) Jo Joon’s idea : 과전법 (科田法) - Actually, Jo Joon was the best expert in the land system issue. He played a leading role in discussing the land reform in Dodang. Jung Do-Jeon was his greatest supporter.
- However, the resistance from nobles was so fierce that Jo Joon had to seek a political compromise and suggested a less radical alternative.
- The land system is reset. Lands are taken away from corrupt nobles and revert to the state.
- One land is taxed either by the government or by the private owner, which means his alternative system admits private ownership.
- The government distribute lands to bureaucrats by rank, but they can not be inherited to the descendants. If a minister die, his land will revert to the state. It is intended to break out of a vicious circle of inherited wealth.
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So, the result?
Jo Joon’s compromised plan won.
In fact, Jung Mong-Joo intervened to pass it during Jung Do-Jeon’s absence of being sent to Ming China as an envoy.
In September 1390, the land registers of corrupt nobles, being piled mountain-high in the street of Gaegyung, had been burnt for about 7 days.
People watching this scene shed tears of joy. The public opinion about Yi Seong-Gye’s social reform got extremely positive.
The conservative privileged nobles lost their economic power and collapsed.
Meanwhile, the reformist Sadaebu scholars gained new economic foundation. Finally, the age of Sadaebu scholars begun.
The tax burden on commoners were lightened, but they couldn’t own their lands. Boon-Yi’s dream was shattered.
The new system looks reasonable. But about 100 years later, the reform’s effect slowly fizzled out to nothing. |
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* Yi Seong-Gye’s character in the history
Was his character really that good as depicted in the drama? Yes, it was. Although Yi Seong-Gye’s reputation had been gradually derogated in the bloody process of Joseon’s establishment, he was known as a great warrior with a great personality at least in the beginning.
He was an invincible warrior in the bone. He has never been defeated in any battle. He became a national hero of Goryeo by protecting people from various foreign invasions. In spite of such a great military success, he was so humble, honest, and virtuous. He was a devout Buddhist to dislike taking lives unnecessarily. He loved his wives and children. General Choi Young trusted him, and common people loved him.
However, he was regarded as an outsider and a country bumpkin by the central nobles. He had reputation and military power, but he didn’t have any political brain or connections. That’s why Jung Do-Jeon had an eye on him.
The SFD writers interpreted his humbleness and integrity as a kind of obsession that he should expiate betrayal of his sworn brother Jo So Saeng. Of course, it is a fictional device. In the real history, Jo So-Saeng was not his sworn brother. Most of all, he was not killed in the battle. (ep 1)
* Was his coup accidental? or premeditated?
When they first met in Hamaju (1383), Jung Do-Jeon told Yi Seong-Gye “You can do anything with these seasoned troops.” “What do you mean by that?” “Oh, never mind. I mean you can defeat Japanese pirates.” After the meeting, they became the best friends, and about 5 years later, Yi Seong-Gye’s retreat from Wihwa Island (1388) happened.
Did Yi Seong-Gye’s party have any previous plan to take over the government? Well, it could be true. Maybe they had an ambiguous agreement for a dynastic revolution. But they never planned to stage a coup in that way. The retreat in 1388 was accidental.
If it was premeditated, Yi Seong-Gye didn’t have to suggest 4 reasons why they should not go to the expedition. According to the official history, when his opinion was dismissed by Choi Young, he came out of the king’s camp and began to shed tears, saying “The calamity of the people is coming.”
Most of all, the Liadong expedition was supposed to be led by General Choi Young himself in the beginning. Yi Seong-Gye couldn’t plan the coup like that in the situation. Choi Young changed his mind at the last minute because King U desperately asked him not to leave him alone. The last minute decision changed the history after all. |
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* Ha Ryun (하륜 河崙, 1347~1416)
He is a really important historical figure. To put it simply, Ha Ryun is… - The husband of Yi In-Gyeom’s niece
- Poeun Jung Mong-Joo’s ally
- Yi Bang-Won’s future right-hand man
- Sambong Jung Do-Jeon’s archenemy
As Yi Seong-Gye keeps Jung Do-Jeon by his side, Yi Bang-Won will keep him as his best strategist. He is so-called “Kingmaker”.
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* The various names referring to Korea
Finally, in Ep. 18, Yi Bang-Ji became the new top swordsman of Three Hans (삼한제일검, 三韓第一劍). Then, what does Three Hans (Samhan) mean?
There are various names to refer to Korea. Some of them were derived from ancient kingdoms and dynasties.
Samhan 삼한 三韓 / Three Hans
Daehan 대한 大韓 / The Great Han
Haedong 해동 海東 / The East of the Sea
Dongguk 동국 東國 / The East Country
Daedong 대동 大東 / The Great East
Geunyeok 근역 槿域 / The Land of Rose-of-Sharon
Goryeo 고려 高麗 / The Medieval kingdom of Korea (918~1392)
Joseon 조선 朝鮮 / The first Ancient kingdom of Korea (BC 2333~BC 108), The Medieval kingdom of Korea (AD 1392~1910)
Sam-han 삼한 三韓 / Three Hans
Sam (三) means ‘three’, and Han (韓) means 'an ancient kingdom of Korea’.
This name was originated from Three kingdom period of Korea. After the first kingdom of Korea (ancient Joseon, BC 2333~ BC 108) was fallen, the southern part of Korean peninsula was divided into three small kingdoms : Mahan, Jinhan, Byeonhan (馬韓, 辰韓, 弁韓). Later they were developed into Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla (高句麗, 百濟, 新羅), which were unified by Silla in 668. But about 300 years later, Silla was divided into three kingdoms again : Hu-Goguryeo, Hu-Baekje, and Silla (後高句麗, 後百濟, 新羅). Even if the later three kingdoms were completely unified by Goryeo in 938, the name “Samhan (Three Hans)” still remained strongly in the people’s mind and had been widely used to call the entire Korean peninsula for a long time. So, Korea is called Samhan (Three Hans) in an old-fashioned way.
Dae-han 대한 大韓 / The Great Han
It was originated from Samhan. The current official country name of South Korea is Dae-Han Min-guk (대한민국 大韓民國 : The republic of Korea). In short, Han-guk (한국 韓國).
Hae-dong 해동 海東 / The East of the Sea
Dong-guk 동국 東國 / The East Country
Dae-dong 대동 大東 / The Great East
From the Chinese perspective, Korea is located in the East side of the Yellow Sea. That’ why Korea was called in Chinese characters like that.
ex) Haedong Gapjok : The top nobility of Haedong (Korea)
Geun-yeok 근역 槿域 / The Land of Rose-of-Sharon
The Rose of Sharon (hibiscus) is the national flower of Korea.
Goryeo (高麗) / The Medieval kingdom of Korea (918~1392)
Go (高) means 'High’ and Ryeo (麗) means 'beautiful’.
It also has the meaning that it is the successor state of Go-gu-ryeo (高句麗), one of the three kingdoms in Korea.
General Wang Geon (왕건, 王建) revolted against King Gung-Ye of Hu-Goguryeo and founded Goryeo Dynasty in 918. It unified the later three kingdoms in 936.
The English name of 'Korea’ was originated from this Goryeo. This name got to be known to the West by Arabian merchants who frequently visited Goryeo.
Joseon 조선 朝鮮
Jo (朝) means 'morning’, and Seon (鮮) means 'bright, beautiful, clean, fresh, new’ etc. In combination, “The Land of Morning Calm” or “The Land of Bright Morning Sun”.
It is the name of the first Ancient kingdom of Korea (BC 2333~BC 108), as well as the Medieval kingdom founded by Yi Seong-Gye (AD 1392~1910). |
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Yi Ji-Ran (이지란, 李之蘭, 1331~1402) When Yi Seong-Gye gave Tang-Sae a new suitable name, it reminded me of the historical fact that General Yi Seong-Gye also renamed his sworn brother to Yi Ji-Ran. Originally, Yi Ji-Ran was a warrior from Jurchen tribe, and his name was Kurun Turan Timur (쿠룬투란티무르, 古倫豆蘭帖木兒), called Tung Turan (퉁두란, 佟豆蘭) in short. When they became sworn brothers, Yi Seong-Gye gave him the new Korean name Yi Ji-Ran, to share his sir name Yi (李). Anyways, a descendent of Yi Ji-Ran’s cousin from the same Jurchen tribe is the famous Nurhaci(1559~1626), the founder of Ching Dynasty of China.
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Edited by nohas at 21-1-2016 02:00 PM
In the pre-capitalist agricultural economy, “land” means wealth.
Benar sekali...banyak tanah lambang kekayaan...
cadangan JDJ, LSG & JJ utk land reform for me is too idealistic..
'ambik tanah, ukur & bagi pd semua' equally...sama rata..
tak calculate the risks, objection...
sbb mereka 'people-centred'..berjuang tuk rakyat marhaen...
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"To realize it, social reform was not enough at all. That’s why Jung Do-Jeon sought after “revolution” instead of reforms."
letih dgn karenah birokrasi, semua tk mnjadi,revolusi je caranya..
I got the power...
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berapa banyak organisasi daaa.....
hopefully, 'the other organisation' tu tak muncul la ye...
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one of the 'Best Memorable Scenes'..
pembakaran land registers
the first one...Jangpyeong Gate..
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"now ayu layan SFD dan Remember jer..."
citer Remember tu best ke?..tengok sikit2 ep1..
sbb tgh tengok citer Punch, rasa lawyer dlm Remember tu cam tk best pulak...
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menarik nohas cite Remember tu...
kisah anak yg berusaha nk bersihkan nama ayah dia
dia berjuang....tp biasa ler bila yg bersalah tu melibatkan
org yg punya kuasa.....jg halangan mmg byk...
peguam semua leh dibeli dgn duit...sama juga dgn doktor dan polis....
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yes mmg saat2 yg menarik ler dlm cite ni...
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masa ni dh dorang le terfikir kan...hal2 berkaitan tanah...
nk ukur tanah..letak tanda....sbg pemisah....pergghh mmg hebat kan
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klu nk menyedapkan jln cite...sure le nti akan lebih detail
psl 'another organisation' ni akan timbul
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kalau muncul jg. bertambah fening lah..
yg tak bestnya, group MM yg tau dulu siapa Chuk Sa Wang ni...
tapi MH dah bg good impression pd CSW...
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lebih kurang cam citer kmovie 'Miracle in Cell No. 8' ..
anak jd lawyer, nak tuntut bela bapa kena tuduh..
tapi movie ni citer sedih...
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Author
Post time 21-1-2016 12:32 PM
